An Eco-anthropological And Restoration-Ecological Study On Wild Horses Restoration At Home Of Zhunggar Basin

The territory of people is spreading endlessly, which makes natural eco-system face more and more danger. Ecosystem diversity, species diversity and genetic diversity of biodiversity continue decreasing. One of form of biodiversity shortage is the habitat of wild animals shrinking. The danger of biodiversity and the lessening of genetic diversity result in the unbalance of ecosystem, which is one of factor of global crisis and endangers the environment of subsistence of people. Now it is one of important content in eco-restoration projects to use modern technology to put in practice the restoration of species. Wild horses restoration in Zhunggar Basin is an important eco-restoration project in Xinjiang. This thesis analyses all kinds of factors in the project, from which different cognition that is a mutual relation from social culture system and natural ecosystem and the practice of wild horse restoration is put forward with restoration of present damaged ecosystem.This thesis bases on the fieldwork of wild horses restoration in Zhunggar Basin and studies the complex relationship of mankind and natural ecosystem from three different paths during the wild horse project. The first is the interrelation of human groups– workers of Xinjiang Wild Horse Breeding Centre (WHBC), workers of Altai Station of the Kalameili Nature Reserve (ASKNR) and Kwosaril nomadic village of Funyun County; the interrelation of human and nature– these three human groups and environment of the Kalameili Nature Reserve (KNR); the relation of ecological factors; the interrelation of wild horses, wild animals and livestock, wild horses and pasture, domestic horses and pasture. The thesis studies wild horses restoration with the practice meaning of restoration using the angle of cross-subject and bases on eco-anthropology and restoration ecology and links with history, folklore and so on.This thesis aims to study the mutual relation of human groups, wild animals, livestock and natural environment during the restoration project of wild horses using cross-subject theories and methods to arrange the complex relation. Through the conflict of interest, requirement and increasing pressure to the environment between human groups, this thesis will try to sort out the interrelations of between human groups, and human groups and environment by ethnographic method. Knowing the project of wild horses restoration, the elementary conclusion: if the project excludes local herders'participating and ignores their interest, it will influence the project getting on well and the success of wild horse restoration; Ignoring local knowledge may bring on new social and ecological problems.From the angle of cross-subject, this thesis uses the theory and method of eco-anthropology and restoration ecology and makes the practice of wild horses restoration in Zhunggar Basin as a study object. According to this above, the thesis tries to find out the complex relation in the wild horses restoration and the interrelation of social and culture factors and natural factors, and deepens the cognition among the interrelation of human's activity, social economy and natural ecosystem during this kind of ecosystem restoration. The thesis tries to provide a sample and some elementary cognition in the theory for the connection of eco-anthropology and restoration ecology. The meaning of theory emphasizes the multilayer function of multi-subjects study, the importance of local knowledge in a minitype society in the relation of man and land, and its applied value provides the angle of multi-subjects for this type of eco-restoration project.