| Macrosiphum avenae is an important agricultural pest in China, which is widely distributed. It has mixed feeding habits, high fertility ability and long damage time. It has created serious threat for wheat production in China not only by sucking juice directly from wheat, but also as an important media for Barley yellow dwarf virus which indirectly cause serious loss. Previous research shows that has two ecotypes which are red and green. Through the research on the ecological leading factor of color changing in Macrosiphum avenae, the red Macrosiphum avenae's reaction to different wheat, whether there was difference of fertility between red body color and green body color ecotype, observation of color changing generation by generation in field and measure of life parameter in red Macrosiphum avenae, this study further defined the ecological and biological characteristics of red Macrosiphum avenae. Using double antibody Sandwich ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) to detect the expression difference of HSP70 (heat shock proteins 70) in Macrosiphum avenae under different conditions and to discuss the important role of HSP70 in ecological adaption of Macrosiphum avenae. The main result are as follows:(1) Temperature was defined to be very important in the color changing of Macrosiphum avenae for the first time, but there is little relationship with photoperiod and host's nutrition. It shows that the red Macrosiphum avenae is an ecological type appearing under high temperature, which laid foundation for research on color changing in Macrosiphum avenae.(2) Field observation showed that all the offspring of the red Macrosiphum avenae are red, but some offspring of the green Macrosiphum avenae keep their primary color, others are red. From early filling date to the milky stage of wheat, the ratio of red Macrosiphum avenae grew generationally with the changing of the field conditions, such as host's growth period and temperature in field.(3) Compared with the fecundity in red Macrosiphum avenae with green, It shows that the average aphid number ratio was different between the fecundity of red and green. It is lower in red's offspring, but the difference is not significant. The result provides basic to study on ecological genetic in Macrosiphum avenae.(4) In the field of natural condition, the red Macrosiphum avenae in different tolerant varieties have different response. The difference of its population growth rate is significant. The largest proportion of population growth is 12and 13 times to the initial in sense varieties(885479-2,Hongmanghong). the low growth rate was only 8.7 times in high resistence varieties (zhong 4 wumang,Jibao No.1). The difference of population growth is significant between the resistant wheat and the sense.(5) The impact of temperature in red Macrosiphum avenae's growth duration were measured and the results showed that the effective accumulated temperature is 126.415D·℃and the development zero is 4.478℃, which provided new experimental data for riching the research on ecology and biology in Macrosiphum avenae.(6) Double Antibody Sandwich Elisa, an ELISA detection system for HSP70 expression has been established successfully for the first time. This method has high sensitivity, strong specificity, good reiteration, no radioactive harm and is very simple and convenient. It can be extended to measure HSP70 in other pest or other heat shock proteins.(7) HSP70 expression level has been detected quantitatively by Double Antibody Sandwich Elisa under different body color, different temperature and different time, which showed that HSP70 expression significantly increased during the high temperature adaption of Macrosiphum avenae. So HSP70 played an important role in hot tolerance of Macrosiphum avenae.
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