| Tillage is one of the important factors, which affect soil development. Conservation tillage is an important measures and a kind of farming method which can protect the ecology and is able to improve soil properties and crop yield. The development and innovation of emergy analysis theory and methods has provided a measure which analysis the relation between the environment and economy and overcomed the deficiencies of economic point of view to use monetary flow or energy flow analysis of the deficiencies. This article introduces basic theory and research methods of the emergy analysis and uses emergy theory and methods to analysis outputs two crops (wheat and peas) of different farming methods in Ding Xi district. Because of it, compare wheat with pea. Main results are as follows:(1) Due to the different farming methods, Proportion of purchase emergy of wheat and pea takes more than 90% of total energy; environmental resources emergy play an important part in the output of wheat and pea. Industrial assistant emergy is main part and renewable organic emergy is supplement in purchase emergy, and the proportion of fertilizer is the largest contribution.In the renewable of organic emergy, labor force emergy is main part in renewable organic emergy. It investigates that labor force is the main driving force in wheat and pea cultivation. It shows that degree of precision farming is higher in experimental zone. Emergy input of the wheat and peas were following order: T>NT, TP>NTP and TS>NTS. The total energy input of farming methods is more than the total energy input of no-tillage methods, which mainly due to T, TS and TP, the pesticide input costs can be saved, and the artificial, animal, mechanical input costs are significantly higher than the NT, NTS and NTP.(2) Due to different farming methods, emergy output of wheat was following order: NTS>NTP>TP>TS>T>NT; emergy output of pea was following order: NTS>NTP>TS> TP>NT>T, Conservation tillage emergy output is more than conventional tillage emergy output. No matter which crops have been planted and no matter which farming methods have been chosen, Emergy output of NTS is always the biggest. Due to different farming methods, wheat and peas net emergy yield ratio is NT>T, NTS>TS and NTP>TP. no-tillage treatments net emergy yield ratio is more than farming treatments; Emergy investment ratio of wheat and pea was following order: NTNTP> TP>TS> T>NT. The macroeconomic value of wheat in NTS treatment is the highest, followed by NTP processing; Pea macroeconomic value NTS>NTP>TS>TP>NT>T. NTS treatment with the pea, the macroeconomic value is the highest, followed by NTP treatment. The macroeconomic value of the pea in conservation tillage methods is more than traditional farming.(3) The emergy input of wheat more than pea in the same farming methods. Because nitrogen emergy input of the wheat is 5 times more than pea. Emergy output of the pea is 5 times more than wheat.Pea net emergy yield ratio was higher than that of wheat in the same farming methods, which shows that output emergy of the pea cultivation is higher. Pea input less economic value and can be achieved the larger output. It is more competitive in the market. Wheat emergy investment ratio is greater than pea, it showed that used more purchase emergy of wheat than pea,and is more pressure to free environmental resources. Macroeconomic value of the pea is far more than the wheat, about 5 times, which shows that contribution of planting pea to the economy is larger than the wheat.(4) The pea cultivation emergy input and output are more advantage. The pea more suitable for the cultivation of the local environment; Emergy inputs of no-till with straw cover (NTS) of the wheat and the pea is smaller and the output is largest. In the analysis of emergy indicators system net emergy yield ratio is largest, emergy investment ratio is smaller, and macroeconomic value is greatest. Therefore, in several measures no-till with straw cover (NTS) is the best ecological and economic benefits. Comparing with the traditional farming, no-till with straw cover (NTS) can not only save labor and conservation input, but can increase income. Promote pea cultivation, especially pea plant conservation tillage methods of no-till with straw cover (NTS). It should be the direction of development of dryland farming areas. |
