Studies Of Comparison On The Main Economic Traits Of Germplasm Between Sweetpotato And Relative

In order to evaluate and compare the main economic traits of sweetpotato germplasm, 4 experimentation including field experiment, indoor experiment, evaluation of main agronomic traits and the research of flowering characteristic were conducted. Materials involve 34 ordinary germplasm of sweetpotato ,13 foreign and 11 native purple-fleshed sweetpotato varieties, 2 varieties of wild relatives and 4 breeding materials of interspecific somatic hybridization of sweetpotato—manual synthetic species of sweetpotato. Yields, dry matter content of root tuber,β-Carotene content of root tuber, length of the longest vine, the divarications from the bottom, stem diameters, flowering characteristic and length of root are surveyed, evaluated and compared. Through biometrical methods the results are obtained as follows:1. The results of comparing the main economic traits between purple-fleshed Sweetpotato and ordinary sweepotato studied reveal that, there is no no significant difference between purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes and ordinary ones in vine yield , branch number per plant, tuber number per plant, and dry matter and starch content of the tuber. However, purple-fleshed sweetpotato are significantly low in fresh tuber yield , low percentage in grade tubers, inferior in cooking quality , long in vines and high in anthocyanin content of the tuber.2. The average yield of vines with leaves per plant of Ipomoea.trifida and Ipomoea.littoralis which are wild relatives of sweatpotato are 200.0g and 330.0g, respectively; the tuber weight per plant of them are 12.1g and 23.6g, respectively. The data above is significantly lower than ordinary sweetpotato studied in this experiment, but there is no significant difference between the data of 4 breeding materials of manual synthetic species of sweetpotato . The dry matter content of root tuber of I.trifida and I.littoralis are 30.04% and 36.90% respectively, which are significantly higher than ordinary ones. The p-Carotene contents are 0.0818mg/100g fresh weight and 0.3457mg/100g fresh weight respectively; vines of them are slender and long, their stem diameters are 2.60mm and 2.41mm respectively; the average length of the longest vine are 252.8cm and 428.0mm respectively, the divarications from the bottom (per plant) are 10.3 and 5.5 respectively; the length of root for the young plant of cuttage are shorter than ordinary ones.3. The average yield of vines with leaves per plant of Beilong5501,Beilong5521 are 280.0g and 360.8g respectively; the tuber weight per plant of them are 29.1g and 42.1g, respectively; The data above is significantly lower than ordinary sweetpotato studied in this experiment, but there is no significant differences between the data of 2 species of wild relatives. The dry matter content of root tuber of Beilong5501,Beilong5521 are 30.06%和31.14% respectively. Theβ-Carotene content are 0.2725mg/100g fresh weight and 0.1295 mg/100g fresh weight respectively which are higher than most varieties, but significantly lower than I.littoralis. vines of them are thin and long, their stem diameters are 2.71mm and 2.62mm respectively. The average length of the longest vine are 172.3cm and 126.3cm respectively; the divarications from the bottom (per plant) are 9.7 and 8.5 respectively; the root numbers of the young plant of cuttage are lower than ordinary ones.4. The flowering characteristic of wild relative and manual synthetic species of sweetpotato in the natural environment of Chongqing: Beilong5501,Beilong5521,Beilong5522,Beilong5502 and hexaploid I.trifida bloom easily in Chongqing; the average number of their flowers each plant every day are 10.7, 9.1, 7.0, 4.9, 5.4 respectively. The best period of time for blooming spans from the middle August to the end of September. The tetraplont wild relative I.littoralis, with the number of 1.4, has much less flowers. The characteristic of I.trifida and manual synthetic species are more similar to sweetpotato.