Investigation On Current Statue And Countermeasure For Native Livestock And Poultry Breed Conservation In Shanghai City

Gcrmplasm resources are genetic diversity resource based on species, important substantial foundation for sustainable development of society and strategic basic resource of country, and related to national security and sovereignty. It is also unsubstitute valuable raw resources for gene engineer and its industrialization in the age of bio-economy and basic matter for technological innovation, now it has become the focus of the world. The crisis of germplasm resources will endanger the nation's sovereignty of animal genetic resources, resulting in lose position of autonomy in the world and destroy of sustainable development of animal husbandry. Therefore, protecting germplasm resources of animal is an important measure for ensuring food safety and the nation's sovereignty of bio-economy. Meanwhile, it is also a strategic significance for animal production, international competition after entering WTO, biodiversity conservation, and scientific research, human history and culture, social sustainable development, environmental protection and social stability.The present paper investigated the history and current situation of native livestock breed conservation in Shanghai. Result indicated that there is a very big shortcoming in the native livestock breed conservation in Shanghai, therefore we should investigate the native germplasm resource in depth, and give the solving measures and methods by incisive thinking. For that, we have investigated the current situation of native livestock breed conservation in Shanghai after reform and opening-up deeply. Result showed that there were an extinction of a local yellow cattle breed, significant decrease in number for other seven local breeds. Among these: 1. Pudong chicken is on risk situation; 2. Four swine breed, namely Meishan Pig, Fenjing Pig, Sawutou pig and Pudong white pig now are facing serious threat; 3. Shanghai water buffalo is facing serious threat virtually to the verge of extinction; 4. Congming white goat is also in the situation of facing serious threat, but it may be recovered due to a large of goats fed in farmer's family. Additionally, based on the production performance statistically, there was a tended to decrease in different degree in Shanghai local breed. Based on the current survey of all native breeds in Shanghai, the twenty-year's conservation data of Meishan pig were selected from Meishan pig breeding farm and analyzed by using population genetics and conservation biology for the threatened level, population effective size, population inbreed coefficient increment, fertility, growth and development, the result showed that: 1. The actual population effective size of Meishan pig was markedly low due to the influence of market need: Ne<160; 2. The population inbreed coefficient increment was significantly high to threaten the breed resource:â–³F>0.006; 3. The fertility of primiparous and multiparous sow showed a trend of markedly decrease year by year although the growth performance did not decrease. Among these, the litter size of primiparous sow has decreased from 14 piglets at the beginning of conservation to 9 piglets at present; the litter size of multiparous sow has decreased from 16 piglets to 13 piglets. Therefore, Shanghai city is in face of the serious situation of conservation for local animal breeds.Based on the objective analysis of serious Situation and main causation about Shanghai livestock breeds, the present paper proposed the following five main strategies and discussed the practice measures and suggestion in details: 1. Set up the investigation and inspection system of Shanghai livestock breeds resource; 2. Select the correct conservation methods; 3. Reasonable utilize Shanghai agriculture biology gene bank to keep long-term conservation; 4. Establish normative feeding and management system and disease prevention system to ensure successful process of breed conservation; 5. Fully utilize the advantages and characterizes of local livestock breeds to utilize and conserve together.