Research On Fermented Soybean Meal Nutritional Characteristics And Effects On Growth Performance, Immune And Digestive Function In Broilers

The research is conducted to determine the nutritional characteristics and effects offermented soybean meal on growth performance, immune and digestive function of broilersand approach to the mechanism.Four hundred healthy Ross×Ross 1-day old broilers were randomly assigned into fourtreatments: 1) soybean meal (control); 2) fermented soybean meal (FSBM); 3) soybean meal+13％FSBM; 4) SBM+9％FSBM; 5) SBM+5％FSBM. Each treatment includes fourreplicates of twenty birds. Feed and water were provided for adlibitum consumption. Fortybroilers (two broilers each replicates) were weighed and slaughtered, and samples (includingserum, whole blood and tissue) were collected for analysis on 21 day and 42 day respectively.The sample of tissues were collected and kept in a -70℃freezer until analysis.Results of nutritional characteristics analysis showed:After fermentation, the content of crude protein, ash, crude fat, dry matter and phosphateincreased by 13.48％(P＜0.01), 13.27％(P＜0.01), 18.18％(P＜0.01), 7.98％(P＜0.01),55.56％(P＜0.01).However, there were no changes in amino acids and calcium. The trypsininhibitor and other antinutritinal infactors were removed. After fermentation, the contents oflarge and medium-size peptide were decreased by 75.57％and 86.77％; the amount ofsmall-size peptides in fermented soybean meals was 2.25 fold more than SBM.Results of feeding trial showed:1) In 0-3 week, compared with the control, the ADG of FSBM group increased by6.74％(P＜0.01), treatment 2, 3, 4 decreased by 7.24％(P＜0.01), 11.32％(P＜0.01),18.82％(P＜0.01) respectively; FSBM improved daily feed intake and F/G by 4.82％(P＜0.01),2.38％(P＞0.05), respectively. While in treatment 2,3,4, the daily feed intake were reduced by6.24％(P＜0.05), 8.25％(P＜0.01), 10.29％(P＜0.01), and the F/G were increased by1.19％(P＞0.05), 3.57％(P＞0.05), 10.71％(P＜0.01).2) In 4-6 week, compared with the control, the FSBM group broilers had a greater dailyweight gain (28.13％, P＜0.01) and feed intake (14.96％, P＜0.01), the feed conversion wasreduced by 10.75％(P＜0.05). Other group also had a greater ADG and AFI (P＞0.05), the AFIof treatment 2 was increased significantly (5.07％, P＜0.05). 3) In whole period, results showed that chicks fed diet with FSBM had a greater ADG(20.64％, P＜0.01) and AFI (11.92％, P＜0.01), and the feed gain ratio was decreasedsignificantly (7.85％, P＜0.05). Compared with the control, treatment 2, 3, 4 had no significantdifference in ADG, AFI and feed conversion (P＞0.05).The analysis of immune parameters showed as follows:1) At 21-day age, FSBM increased thymus (19.66％, P＜0.05) and bursa index (33.20％,P＜0.05); FSBM increased spleen index (48.48％, P＜0.05) in 42-day-old chikens, and nodifference in thymus and bursa index (P＞0.05).2) At 21dayof age, FSBM improved IgA, IgM content in serum by 42.86％(P＜0.01) and93.10％(P＜0.01); At 42 day of age, IgM serum content of broilers increased significantly by29.41％(P＜0.05).3) In FSBM group of 21-day-old broilers, the SI of blood lymphocyte by ConA wasincreased by 15.71％(P＜0.05), the SI of blood lymphocyte by LPS was increased by 11.59％(P＜0.05); at 42 days of age, FSBM increased the T lymphocyte proliferation by 22.22％(P＜0.05), and also improved the spleen T and B lymphocyte proliferation by 16.82％(P＜0.05)and 11.2％(P＜0.05), respectively.4) At the age of 21 days, serum IL-1βand IL-2 concentration in FSBM group increasedby 14.29％(P＞0.05)and 19.86％(P＜0.05).The analysis of configuration and enzyme activities of pancreas and intestine:1) At the age of 21 days, in FSBM group broilers, pancreas protease activity wasincreased by 11.94％(P＜0.05). At the age of 42 days, activities of pancreas amylase andlipase was decreased by 12.59％(P＜0.05), 28.33％(P＜0.01) respectively.2) Activity of intestine pancreas protease, lipase were improved by 93.02％(P＜0.05) and8.21％(P＜0.05) in FSBM group broilers at the age of 21 days; The activity of jejunum lipasewas increased by 12.31％(P＜0.05) compared with the control group at 21 old days.3) The result of small intestine section showed that the FSBM increased the villus heightand V/C, decreased the depth of crypt. From the optics and electron microscope observationof intestine and pancreas, the FSBM group broilers had better configuration than SBM groupbroilers. The analysis of serum parameters showed as follows:At the age of 21 days, the FSBM increased serum content of P, T4 by 46.77％(P＜0.01)and 10.41％(P＜0.05). At the age of 42 days, serum P content had a greater improved by51.91％(P＜0.01).UN content of serum has a dramatically reduction both in growing(32.99％, P＜0.05) and finishing periods (30.86％, P＜0.01).