Effects Of Cinnamon, Garlic And Yucca Extracts On Slurry Ammonia Emission And Approach To Mechanisms In Broilers

With intensive degree of poultry farms increased, the conflicts between some environmental concerns given rise to by them and environmental protection will become acute. And as the public scrutiny of environment has increased, the poultry industry has faced pressure to reduce harmful impacts to the environment. Current management systems and production levels for poultry industry result in most nitrogen losses. One of the major environmental concerns associated with the poultry industry is NH3 volatilization, which increases atmospheric acid deposition. Uric acid is the main N components in poultry N metabolite and manure. Most of the loss occurs through the rapid hydrolysis of urinary nitrogen to ammonia by microbial uricoxidase and urease that present in intestinal tract and excretion of poultry. So the reduction uric acid degradation is very important to maintain human and animal health and a clean environment. This research was conducted to compare the effects of cinnamon to garlic and yucca extracts on the environment and growth performance of Broilers, and try to approach to the mechanisms.Experiment 1: excretion (10g) was mixed with different levels of CE(0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10g/L), GE (0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1g/L), and YE (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4g/L) respectively, with three replicas to evaluate the effect on uric acid content, NH4-N, urease activity and uricase activity in poultry excretion. It was discovered that all the test groups can inhibit urease and uricase activity, keep uric acid content and urea nitrogen. The data indicated that CE was the best group to greatly inhibit uricase activity and slower the decomposing of uric acid in poultry excretion.Experiment 2 comprised two sub-experiments: In the first part, an in vitro enzyme assay was used to evaluate the effects of CE(0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8g/L),GE(0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8g/L), and YE(0, 0.032, 0.064, 0.128, 0.256, 0.512g/L) on the activity of microbial urease,and CE(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6g/L),GE(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6g/L),YE(0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.016, 0.032, 0.064g/L) on the activity of microbial uricase. The results indicated that all the test groups can inhibit the activity of microbial urease and uricase (P<0.01). CE was the best group to inhabit the activity of microbial uricase, 0.4g/L treatment blocked the activity of microbial uricase (88.52% inhibition). Part two was designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of CE(0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4g/L), GE(0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2g/L),and YE(0, 0.006, 0.012, 0.024, 0.048, 0.096g/L) on the growth of urease and uricase-generating microbs (Escherichia coli, Aspergillus flavus, Candida utilis, Pichia membranaefaciens, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus) by an intro assay. The results showed that CE and GE test group could inhibit the growth of all the microbs with a positive liner relation to its concentration. YE test group could only inhabit the growth of Candida utilis and Pichia membranaefaciens, which generate uricase.Experiment 3: Three hundred sixty Arbor Acres commercial broilers were allotted to four treatment groups, each treatment with three replications and each replication with thirty broilers. The broilers were kept on iron net and feeding trail dietary lasted forty-two days. The groups received the same basal corn-bean diet, supplemented with 250mg/kg CE, 25mg/kgGE, 10mg/kg YE and control respectively. In feeding trail, the broilers were allowed to ingest dietary and drink freely and also given light for twenty-four hours. The experimental diets were formulated according to broiler nutrients requirements, which were proposed by NRC (1994). On 0～21 days and 21～42days, six chicks were picked out from the base of similar live weight and were bled to collect serum samples and intestinal samples for laboratory analysis. The results showed that, the additives affected the performance of broilers. Compared to control, GE treatment and YE treatment, the average final weight of CE treatment 7.26% (P<0.05), 3.73% (P>0.05) and 2.37% (P>0.05), the average day gain (ADG) was increased by 7.20% (P<0.05),3.65%( P>0.05),2.20% (P>0.05), Feed: Gain (F/G) of CE treatment was decreased by 9.71%( P<0.05),6.53% (P<0.05), 6.53% (P<0.05). The survive ratio was improved. Compare to control, the concentration of TP in serum was increased, and the concentration of SUA, SUN and the activity of xanthine oxidase in serum were decreased in all the test groups. CE test group was the best one. On 0-21 days the concentration of SUA, SUN of CE were decreased by 13.73% (P<0.01), 35.17% (P<0.01) compare to control. The activity of xanthine oxidase of CE was decreased by16.33%(P<0.05). On 21-42 days the concentration of SUA, SUN of CE were decreased by 24.35%(P<0.01), 15.49% (PO.05) compare to control. The activity of xanthine oxidase of CE was decreased by 23.09%(P<0.01), was decreased by 14.86% (P<0.01) compare to GE, and was decreased by 15.34%(P<0.01) compare to YE. And the concentration of UA, UN in intestinal contests of all test groups was decreased.From these results, we conclude that Cinnamon Extracts is a better deodorizer on the environment and growth performance of broilers. It inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase, then, it reduces the concentration of SUA. At the same time, it inhibits the growth of the microbs, which generate urease and uricase, then, it inhibits the activity of microbial urease and uricase. So it can affect nitrogen metabolismin broilers and ammonia losses profitably.