| Avian influenza is a viral seriously disease of poultry by type A influenza virus, and often causes enormous losses of economy. It is a catastrophic disease of the poultry industry, especially highly pathogenic avian influenza by H5 subtype avian influenza virus, which also threaten the human health seriously. For the highly frequent antigenic variation of HA and NA genes of AIV, it has many subtypes and complicate immune-mechanism. So the understanding of AIV from the level of molecule is needed, which is researched from the functions of the genome and the phylogenesis. This study also lay the foundation for the vaccine development. Nowadays, for the inactivated vaccines have some disadvantages, such as poor efficacy, high cost, the inducing of the escape from immune system, the research on the new kinds of AIV vaccines is needed. Many researchers have exploited DNA vaccines against AIV. In this study, the eight full length genes of H5N1 subtype AIV were amplified, the DNA vaccines pcDNA4-H5HA and pcDNA4-IL-2-H5HA encoding a fusion protein were constructed, and the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these two vaccines were tested.The eight full length genes of H5N1 subtype Avian influenza virus (A/duck/shangdong/04) were amplified by RT-PCR using the universal primers and H5 specific primers. The results of phylogenetic analysis with the phylogenetic trees showed that A/duck/shangdong/04 was directly related to A/goose/Guangdong/l/96(H5Nl ),as its HA ,NA ,M ,NP,PA,PB2 genes belonged to A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) like sublineage with the nucleotide homology of 97.7%, 95.4%, 97.2%, 96.2%, 93.3%, 94.5%, and it's a product of antigendrift and antigenshift of A/goose/Guangdong/1/96. But the NS gene was entirely different from A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 and PBl gene did not show any close relationship with those of the known sublineage and didn't share immediate ancestors with the known sublineage. Therefore, A/duck/shangdong/04 is a...
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