Study Of Salt Stress On Anatomic Structure Of Almond Rootstocks Nutritional Apparatus

In this experiment three Almond rootstocks Amygdalus communis L., A.commans persicoides and A.persica with different concentrations of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ treatment were used as experimental materials to study the changes of microstructure and ultrastructure of nutritional organs by opitics microscope and transmission electron microscope, to mensurate inorganic ion by flam spectrometry and alizarin method after 10-day and 20-day treatment.The results showed:1. Under NaCl and Na₂SO₄ stress, it was found the mesophyll of Amygdalus communis L.. and A.commans persicoides became thicker markedly, palisade tissue cells elongated and rank closely, more spongy tissue cells appeared and elongated. In stalk there were more vessels and vessel diameter augment, cutin became thicker, more starch grain and tannin appeared. With increased stress and longer treatment time, marked changes appeared. It was found the mesophyll cells of A.persica dissolved in higher salt concentration area after 10-day and 20-day treatment, the number of mesophyll cells increased in other treatment areas, the proportion of pitch was bigger in stalk than other rootstocks, less vessel,starch grain and tannin in stalk. Under Na₂SO₄ stress the harm ratio is bigger than NaCl.2. Under salt stress, it was found vesicle appeared on vessel wall; mitochondria cristae became swollen, Chloroplast were damaged to varying extent, thylakoids became swollen and disorder in leaf cell; Marked changes appear with increased stress, it was found mitochondria cristae became obscured or even dissolved, the membrane of Chloroplast dissolved in leaf cell; large vacuoles was found in both leaf and root cells, a great deal of starch grain were found in root cells. The ultrastructure damages of Amygdalus communis L.. were more severity than other two rootstocks. Under Na₂SO₄ stress the harm ratio is bigger than NaCl,but there was contrary regular in root.3.Under salt stress, it was found the content of Na⁺,Cl^-,SO₄^2- and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in almond rootstocks organs all went up with increased salt stress and longer treatment days, K+ content changed irregularly. The content of Na⁺,Cl^- and SO₄^2- in A.commans persicoides root higher than other two rootstocks and that in A.commans persicoides leaf and stalk lower than other two rootstocks.The content of Na⁺,Cl^- and SO₄^2- in soil went up with increased salt stress, the Na⁺,Cl^-å’ŒSO₄^2- were mainly distributed in upper layer of soil in the pot after prolonged salt stress time.4. Through this study, we primary came to the conclusions that the leaf and stalk anatomical structures of Amygdalus communis. and A.commans persicoides cytoarchitecture were similarity, there was bigger difference between A.persica and the other two roorstocks; the inorganic ion content affected the changes of anatomical structures; the anatomical structures and the changes of anatomical structures to salt stress embody almond rootstock salt-torlerance;different harmness was found under Na₂SO₄ and NaClstress in different apparatus.