| Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater lake of North China Plain, and it is rich in aquaticwildlife resources and plays an important role in the fishery of Hebei Province. In recent years,deterioration of the ecological and environmental situation in Baiyangdian has not beencompletely resolved, parasitic disease of fish has become serious and it is greatly harmfull tothe local aquaculture. From the middle of 1990s, the studies about the aquatic parasites fauna inmany places of China have been carried, yet the aquatic parasites in Baiyangdian area havenot been systematically reported.Wild and farmed aquatic animals in Baiyangdian Lake, Hebei province were collectedand parasites were identified during the midest of each month from April to October in 2009.Twenty one species of aquatic animals were detected, including 15 species of fish, 4 s speciesof shrimp, 1 species of shellfish and 1 species of crab. The parasites were identified bymethods of surface observation and anatomical observation. Parasites belonging to 5kingdoms, 10 orders, 17 families and 23 genera have been detected altogether. Among them,Sarcomastigophora contained 2 families and 2 genera. Myxozoa contains 1 order, 2 familiesand 2 genera. Ciliophora contains 4 orders, 8 families and 13 genera. Platyhelminthes have 2orders, 2 families and 3 Genera. Arthropoda have 1 orders, 2 families and 2 Genera. Theresults indicated that parasitic Ciliophora held the maximum species and were more harmfulthan Sarcomastigophora and Platyhelminthes. Therefore, the prevention and control ofparasitic Ciliophora should be strengthened. The experimental investigation is helpful tounderstand the general situation of the parasites of aquatic animal in Baiyangdian. Meanwhile,the study provides new data for the study of fish parasite fauna in the countryside of China.A taxonomic study of ectoparasitic family Trichiodina from the fish in Baiyangdian Lake,Hebei province was carried out. The samplings were done at the midest of each month fromMay, 2010 to October, 2010. Dry silver impregnation method was used to show the adhesivedisc of the Trichiodina and Giemsa staining method was used to show the morphologicalcharacter of the living organism's nuclear. The Trichiodina were identified using the methodsof "Uniform specific characteristics" and "Description of denticle elements". The results wereas followed, 1) Nine species of genus Trichodina, were identified, namely, T.nobillis,T.paranigra, T.reticulate, T.domerguei, T.heterodentata, T.rostrata, T.kazubski, T.brevicirra sp.nov.and T.modesta. Among the studied fishes, Ctenogobius cliffordpopei was firstlyrecorded as the host of T.nobillis', T.paranigra'and T.reticulate. Pseudorasbora parva wasfirstly recorded as the host of T.rostrata. Carassius auratus and Macropodus ocellatus werefirstly recorded as the hosts of T.modesta; 2) Three species of genus Trichodinella, namelyTrichodinella epizootica, Trichodinella subtilis, Trichodinella carpi were identified. Rhodeussinensis is the new record of Trichodinella carpi'host; 3) Two species of genus Tripartiella,namely Tripartiella bulosa, Tripartiella macrosoma were identifed. Pseudorasbora parva andMacropodus ocellatus are the two new records of Tripartiella bulosa'host. Hemiculterbleekeri is the new record of Tripartiella macrosoma'host. The present study revealedTrichodina taxonomy in Baiyangdian area for the first time, since it has not been carried outin Baiyangdian area and even in North China.The results might be helpful to elucidateTrichodina'fauna in Baiyangdian area.Annual survey of population dynamics of Trichodinella epizootica, which parasited onthe gill of Carassius auratus, shows that it can live and reproduce when the temperature is 15℃~ 30℃. As the temperature increased, the infection rate of T. epizootica, also increased. Theinfection rate was the higher in May, and it occurred mainly in juvenile fish. Due to farmers'pharmic treatment and the variation of environmental factors such as temperature, infection rateof Trichodina declined between June and July. In August, infection rate was the highest, andthe possibility of the outbreak of disease caused by Trichodina relatively was higher.Pharmic treatment of Trichodina was studied using herbs and chemicals, i.e. two kinds ofcompound Chinese herbal medicine, Sophora, Artemisia annua, Lei Wan nut loose, casualviewers hundred paces, deworming, and powder copper and iron mixture. The results showedthat it was effective after Chinese traditional herbs were used for a long time. And the resultsshowed copper and iron at low concentration were effective, while it had a harmful effect onwater quality. If the water was not changed in time, it could cause the death of large numbersof fish within a short time. |
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