Pathogenic Characteristics And Antagonistic Microorganisms Screening Of Posthavest Disease Of Grapes

The mainly grape-farming district is in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang include Aksu, Kashi, Atushi, Hetian. They are well-known for excellent quality.But grapes fruit disease occurs widespread and serious in postharvest storage transport period and caused heavy loss. The chemical fungicide has been exploited to control the grapes decay for long time, but it cause a series of problems, for example pesticide residues, environmental pollution, human health and pathogens resistance. At present, the bio-control of postharvest diseases is increasingly attracting people's attention.The postharvests diseases of main variety in Nanjiang was as object to study pathogen types, features, and screening antagonistic microorganisms.The results will provide theory basis for Post-harvest preservation and biological control.The main results are as follows:1.The pathogens were separated from healthy and rotten cluster of grape by tissue isolation, and identified by colonies characteristics, conidium and conidiophores morphological characteristics. The results showed that in grape postharvests, the main pathogens were Penicillium , Botrytis cinerea,Alternaria,Rhizopus stolorifer,Aspergillus uiger, Phomopsis , Stemphylium , Clad osprium , Fusarium . They could cause different degree decay in different parts.2.The infection approach of pathogens was studied by using two kinds of inoculation method. The results showed that the different pathogens has different infection approach. 9 pathogens could penetrate fruit stalk and fruit. Therefore, wound was the main invades way.3.The effect on high temperature (25℃) and low temperature (5℃) to nine pathogens were studied. The result showed nine pathogens could penetrate host under high temperature (25℃), but had different invades way and position. Penicillium, Botrytis cinerea,Alternaria,Phomopsis, Stemphylium, Clad osprium, Fusarium, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria, and Stemphylium could penetrate host under low temperature (5℃) except Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolorifer. Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolorifer were high temperature pathogens.4.Six pathogens was obtained from healthy fruit stalk and fruit by tissue isolation and spread-plate method. They were latent infective pathogens in the field.5.The pathogens was separatd from main cultivars in Nanjiang. The result showed that there was the different pathogens on main cultivars. The pathogenic fungi of Manaizi grapes mainly were Phomopsis, Alternaria, Penicillium, Clad osporium and Botrytis cinerea; The pathogenic fungi of Jufeng grapes mainly were were Penicillium, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria; The pathogenic fungi of Hongti grapes mainly were Stemphylium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Botrytis cinerea, Clad osporium and Penicillium; The pathogenic fungi of Munage grapes mainly were were Fusarium, Alternaria, Stemphylium, Penicillium, Clad osporium and Botrytis cinerea; The pathogenic fungi of Hetianhong grapes mainly were Phomopsis , Penicillium, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria. The disease incidence through the grape storage period found that the incidence time of Manaizi grapes and Jufeng grapes were earliest and most serious, the second was Hetianhong grapes and Munage grapes, and the longest storage period and the lightest incidence was Hongti. Grape storage period The results of pathogen separation showed that the main pathogenic fungi were Fusarium, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium, Alternaria and Phomopsis in prophase, the pathogen in medium-term storage were Fusarium, Stemphylium, Alternaria, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium and Clad osporium, the pathogen in the late term were Fusarium, Alternaria, Stemphylium, Penicillium, Clad osporium and Botrytis cinerea.6.The antagonist experiment were finished by Confrontation method and 5 bacteria and 2 yeast were obtained. Pichia kluyveri and Saccharomyccs cerevisiae had better antagonist effect, which had good potential application in the prevention of grape rot.