Establishment Of Breeding And Mating Technology Of Xinjiao10 Of Capsicum

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accounts for the largest proportion of vegetable consumption in Sinkiang province. So far the cultivated area of pepper in Sinkiang has been up to 36700 hm2 with an accelerating developmental trend. The main varieties of the pepper planted in Sinkiang have always been the local varieties for many years, being degenerated seriously and unsuitable for protected cultivation. The good cultivars of"Zhongjiao"and"Xiangyan"cannot be popularized because their flavor is not fit to the local consumption custom. Therefore, it is necessary to breed the pepper varieties which are corresponding to the local consumption custom for meeting the need of production. This study is aimed at providing theoretical basis and technique supports through establishing the relative techniques of breeding, identifying the seed purity and cultivating on the basis of selecting the new pepper cultivars. The main achievements are as follow:1. The new pepper variety of"Xinjiao10"was bred which has the strong potential growth, thrive branches and leaves, high potential of bearing capacity on branches taking the precocity and superior self-bred line 93-140 of ram's horn pepper as the female parent, and the fine self-bred line 99-141of ox horn pepper with strong potential growth, fruitfulnesss and high stress resistance as the male parent,. Its first flower locates among the 9 th ~12 th joint, and the fruits look like long ox horn with 36.2cm of the longitudinal diameter, 3.7cm of the shoulder horizontal diameter and 2.6mm of the fruit thickness. The fruits, appearing jade green before maturing and red when they are ripe, have 2~3 ventricles and are characterized by tiny gauffers on the upper and small hook on the top of them. The fruit number of single plant is about 28.3, furthermore, the average weight of single fruit is 76g, and the heaviest single fruit exceeds 85g with medium placenta. The fruit features thin peel, crisp meat quality, medium pepper taste, thermostability, antiviral property, resistance of Phytophthora parasitica and well stress resistance. Average output per mu has reached above 4200kg, and it is fit for summer survival in open field, autumn-delay cultivation and spring-early-maturing culture in greenhouse.2.The quality and yield of the parents and first-filial generation is guaranteed effectively through the establishment of the breeding technology of the which makes its parents purity reach at 100%,TKW(Thousand kernel weight) reach at 5.8g, the germination percentage be above 95% and the hybrid purity of seed come to 98% ,which is corresponding to the standard of the national first-class seed passing the test, meanwhile the production of seeds is improved as well, that the average production of seed has increased from 13kg to 20kg per Mu and some could reach at 24kg per Mu. 3. We established the RAPD reaction system of the"Xinjiao10"through extracting DNAwith the method of CTAB to purify the hybrid seeds, and PCR reaction system which is suitable for the RAPD analysis of pepper through researching the main factors of PCR reaction, screening a primer S1220 from 112 random primers which can be used to identify the purity of the"Xinjiao10". The result of this study, the identification of the hybrid-seeds purity is identical to the morphological test in field. In addition, this system is used to amplify the characteristic band of parents and to identify the purity of hybrid seed.4. The standard of cultivation technique of spring-early-maturing culture in greenhouse, the early-maturing culture in plastic tunnel and under plastic mulch, and autumn-delay cultivation is established on the basis of the main cultivation ways of pepper in Sinkiang and combining with the cultivating characterization. It has been proved by the cultivating practice that the lowest yield is above 3800kg per Mu adopting our technique in appropriate area.