| The 12 accessions of coix (Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen Stapf) germplasm, collected from 6 provinces of China, were investigated for grain weight, germination rate, purity, viability, moisture, health degree, times for elongation stage, flowering stage, tiller number, plant height and other biological characteristics. Also used for research were 8 accessions of prunella(Prunella vdgaris Linn.) germplasm. Agronomic traits as like plant height, stem color, ear number were measured and recorded. The AFLP analysis was performed to reveal the genetic diversity among the genetic resources of two Chinese medicine species. The major results and conclusion are listed as following:1. There were significant differences for thousand-grain-weight, germination rate among the coix germplasms. Jilinshi has the most heavy thousand grains, which reached 207.96 g, whereas Fujian Longyan had the least thousand-grain-weight ofonly 81.13 g; Zhejiang Taishun Hengkengcun, abbreviated as ZJTH had the highest germination rate (84.3%), whereas Guizhou Xingren was the lowest.2. ZJTH are suitable for planting in Hangzhou, the test plot yield reached 4.005 T/ha. Its tiller number reached an average of 16.8, more than most of the others; whereas its plant height was suitable for its resistance against lodging. After a long period of adaptation, the biological characteristics of ZJTH have become more compatible with the climate in Hangzhou.3. There were significant differences for seed characterization, biological characterization among the Prunella germplasms. The yield of Sichuan-Nanchong Prunella was the lowest, its developmental stages was the shortest, the stem and leaf color between Sichuan germplasm and Zhejiang germplasm were different significantly.4. The genetic distance between Sichuan-Nanchong Prunella and the other 7 Zhejiang Prunella germplasms was far, as revealed by biological characterization and genetic analysis. Zhejiang Lin'an, Chun'an Prunella germplasms showed better adaptability in Hangzhou climate, their yields were also the highest.5. Several methods like CTAB, high salt, SDS and urea for DNA extraction from the Chinese medicines were compared. SDS was found to be the optimal method for DNA extraction from coix and prunella plant leaves.6. Genetic diversity among the coix and prunella germplasms was analyzed using AFLP molecular markers. AFLP fingerprints of coix and prunella were demonstrated..7. The genetic similarity among the coix and prunella were calculated and analyzed using NTSYS-PC software. Clear the genetic relationship, as revealed proved by morphology and biological characterization.
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