Analysis On The Production Cost And Efficiency Of Wheat In Daiyue Borough Of Shandong Province

1 Analysis on the productive cost and efficiency of wheat in Daiyue borough1.1 The cost at the sowing phaseThe cost of seed was high at this phase, and there was no reseeding work. The proportion of chemical fertilizer was higher than that of organic fertilizer in the basal fertilizer, and rate of organic fertilizer was unbalanced. Mechanization was used in ploughing and discing. There was no irrigation before sowing because the soil moisture was suitable due to the rainfall before wheat sowing in 2005.1.2 The cost at the management phase before winterThe cost was little because there was little management at this period. Every township widely paid attention to irrigation, weeding and herbicide spraying. While application of fertilizer before winter was not consistent, and the cost of fertilizer before winter was the least in Wenkou Township.1.3 The cost at the management phase in springSpring is one of the key stages for wheat growing, and management in spring is also the key process. Farmers in Daiyue Borough paid more attentions to fertilizer topdressing, herbicide spraying. Usually fertilizer applying in this period was once or twice, and herbicide spraying was twice. The spring weeding was manual style, and its cost was high. The cost of irrigation in spring was high too, and there were commonly three irrigations which irrigated at getting-up, jointing, and anthesis stages.1.4 The cost at the harvesting phaseWheat harvesting was completed by machines in all the investigated townships. The cost of wheat harvesting was high, and the average cost was 42.2 yuan per mu. However, the cost in Liangzhuang Township was the highest, reach to 48.0 yuan per mu, while it was the least in Wenkou township with 39.0 yuan per mu. 1.5 Analysis of production cost and grain yield in the sampled townshipsThe grain yield had significant difference in the 6 townships in Daiyue Borough. And Wenkou township obtained the highest grain yield of 475.8 kg per mu while Zulai township was the least with 365.2 kg per mu. The grain yield in Fanzhen, Xiazhang, Liangzhuang and Daolang townships were 454.8 kg, 436.3 kg, 394.9 kg and 382.4 kg per mu, respectively.There was no significantly difference in wheat production cost among the 6 townships, which was from 384.8 yuan per mu to 393.2 yuan per mu.Wheat plant efficiency showed significantly difference among the 6 townships in Daiyue Borough, which Wenkou Township was the highest, reach to 428.2 yuan per mu, while Zulai Township was the least with 249.0 yuan per mu. Wheat planting efficiency of Fanzhen, Xiazhang, Liangzhuang and Daolang townships were 397.5 yuan, 364.3 yuan, 297.1 yuan and 273.2 yuan per mu, respectively. It showed that the difference of grain yield among townships was concerned with soil fertility conditions and investment from farmers. As for wheat planting efficiency, it was closely connected with grain yield, price in market and production cost.In conclusion, the problems in wheat production in Daiyue borough can be summed up in the following aspects. On one hand, the rate of organic fertilizer was much lower, while more total chemical fertilizer was utilized than before. On the other hand, cost of labor force for spring weeding and herbicide spraying was higher and cost of chemical fertilizer, irrigation and labor force were higher too.2 Analysis on the production cost and efficiency of wheat between high yield field and middle yield field in Daiyue Borough2.1 Difference of productive cost between high yield field and middle yield fieldThe rate of seed and the cost of basal fertilizer of middle yield field were higher than those of high yield field, but cost of organic fertilizer of high yield field was significantly higher than that of middle yield field. The cost of fertilizer topdressing of high yield field was 66.2 yuan per mu, which was higher than that of middle yield field with 56.6 yuan per mu. Owners of high yield field always concentrated on irrigation before winter and at jointing stage.2.2 Difference of total production cost and grain yield between high yield field and middle yield fieldThe total production cost of high yield field and middle yield field were 402.0 yuan per mu and 390.9 yuan per mu, and the average grain yield of high yield field and middle yield field were 505.3 kg per mu and 344.8 kg per mu, which the grain yield of high yield field was 160.6 kg per mu higher than that of middle yield field. The planting efficiency of high yield field were 461.1 yuan which was 245.8 yuan higher than that of middle yield field with 215.3 yuan per mu.