Study On Growth Regularity And Water Utilization Characteristics Of Peanut Intercropped With Wheat

Growth regularity of Peanut Intercropped with Wheat were studied by comparing relay cropped peanut with wheat with mono-cropped peanut and summer planting peanut,using fenghua 1.The differences of water utilization characteristics and yield between different moisture treatment were studied with fenghua1 on the experiment farm and steel shed of Shandong Agricultural University .The pot experiment was originally designed with four different water application treatments,icluding 80%-90%of maximum field capacity ,60%-70% of maximum field capacity ,50%-60% of maximum field capacity and 40%-50%of maximum field capacity.The changes of the yield and water utilization characteristics in Flowering and Pegging phase and Pod setting phase of peanut of differrent moisture treatment were researched. The main results were described as follows;1 Regularity of Growth process and Dry matter accumulation of Peanut Intercropped with WheatThe whole growth phase of Peanut Intercropped with Wheat has experienced 135 days. It has experienced longer time from sowing to flowering (41d), but has experienced shorter time in Flowering and Pegging phase. The stem height and branch length only reached12.77cm and 23.67cm at the time of 30 days after emergence,and reached 46.7cm and49.7cm at the time of harvest . The LAI reached 0.339 at the time of 20 days after emergence. The peak levels of LAI was 5.30 at the time of 80 days after emergence. It was later for the LAI reached the peak levels,and decreased slowly in the mid-later growing phase.The LAI maintained 1.789 at the time of harvest.The Pn reached 22.90μmolCO2·m^-2·s^-1 in Young seedling phase, which was lower than mono-cropped peanut and higher than summer planting peanut. The Pn reached 23.00μmolCO2·m^-2·s^-1 in Pod setting phase, which was higher than mono-cropped peanut and lowerr than summer planting peanut. The activities of SOD and activities of POD were higher than mono-cropped peanut and summer planting peanut in Pod maturing phase.Through regression analysis and curve fitting, dry matter accumul- ation dynamic accord with S-shaped curve, and also concentration in Pod setting phase. Dry matter accumulation still kept higher growth rate in the later growing phase, and reached 57.81 g·plant-1 at harvest . Dry matter accumulation rate of the pod was maintained in a higher level,the average daily increment reached 0.330g .The pod and kernel yield of Peanut Intercropped with Wheat reached 7706kg·hm^-2 and 5155 kg·hm^-2,higher than summer planting peanut.The total effective accumulated temperature of Peanut Intercropped with Wheat was1868.3℃, and the effective accumulated temperature was 436℃more than mono-cropped peanut and summer planting peanut in Young seedling phase.The utilization ratio of solar radiation and par of Peanut Intercropped with Wheat reached 1.939% and 3.957% in the whole growth phase, lower than mono-cropped peanut and summer planting peanut .It maintained 1.712% and 3.494% in Pod maturing phase, higher than mono-cropped peanut and summer planting peanut.The rainfall reached 425.18mm in the whole growth phase . The rainfall reached 231.38mm in Flowering and Pegging phase,more than mono-cropped peanut and summer planting peanut.2 The accumulated regularity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Peanut Intercropped with WheatThe amount of nrtiogen accumulation was only reached 15.53 kg·hm^-2 and 85.67kg·hm^-2 less than mono-cropped peanut and summer planting peanut in Young seedling and Flowering and Pegging phase.The amount of nrtiogen accumulation were reached 305.51kg·hm^-2 and 350.58kg·hm^-2.The accumulated regularity of phosphorus and potassium were same as nrtiogen of Peanut Intercropped with Wheat.It needed nrtiogen ,phosphorus and potassium 4.54kg,1.07kg,3.81kg to produce 100kg pod.3 The differences of dry matter accumulation and distribution and yield between different moisture treatmentsThe dry matter distribution amount in pod of treatment 80%-90% and 40%-50% is lower 25.37% and 21.36% than the treatment of 60%-70% in Flowering and Pegging phase. Dry matter distribution proportion in pod of 80%-90% was significantly lower than the others in Flowering and Pegging phaseDry matter distribution amount in pod of 60%-70% was significantly higher than the others in Pod setting phase. Dry matter distribution amount and distribution proportion in pod of treatment 40%-50% were significant lower than other treatment ,but in pegs and root of treatment 40%-50% were higher than other treatment in Pod setting phase .The heavy drought stress and logging stress decreased the yield of pod and kernel Peanut at the flowering phase was the most sensitive and the yield decreasing action was the most evident to water stress. One hundred pods weight and one hundred seeds weight were significantly decreased of heavy drought stress in Flowering and Pegging phase. One hundred pods weight and pods number per plant were significantly effected by relative soil moisture content in Pod setting phase.4 Effects of water use efficiency and water consumption of peanut between different moisture treatmentsDay water consumption in Flowering and Pegging phase of Peanut Intercropped with Wheat was higher than other growing phase. Under the condition of treatment 80%-90%, Day water consumption reached 6.16mm in Flowering and Pegging phase. The total water consumption reached 381mm, under the condition of treatment 50%-60% relative soil moisture content whichl less than 411mm under the condition of treatment 60%-70%in Flowering and Pegging phase. Efficient utilization of water resources reached 12.03% under the condition of treatment 50%-60% significantly more than other treatment in Flowering and Pegging phase. With soil water content increasing, peanut water consumption rate and water consumption percentage significantly increased in Pod setting phase. Water consumption percentage reached 34.68% under the condition of treatment 80%-90% in Pod setting phase. The total water consumption reached 382mm, under the condition of treatment 50%-60% relative soil moisture content in Pod setting phase. Efficient utilization of water resources reached 12.05% under the condition of treatment 50%-60% significantly more than other treatments in Pod setting phase.In a word Peanut Intercropped with Wheat growth retardation in the early growth phase,growth relative vigorous in the mid-later growing phase.The contribution of the mid-later growing phase to the yield is more important than the early growth phase.The treatment 60%-70% and 50%-60% of maximum field capacity obtained high yield of relay cropping with wheat both in Flowering and Pegging phase and Pod setting phase.The water utilization ratio of the treatment 50%-60% of maximum field capacity is higher than other treatment both in Flowering and Pegging phase and Pod setting phase.