Spatial And Temporal Changes Of Soil Nutrient And Sustainable Utilization Evaluation In Gaomi County Of Shandong Province

The soil is the material basis of human survival and development, is an important component of the land ecosystem state, and it provides the necessary material basis and environmental conditions of the growth and development of biological. Now with the increasingly acute contradiction between the population, resources and environment,soil quality are constantly getting worldwide attention, in order to stable growth of agriculture, we must rethink the important significance in environmentand the soil quality.At present, the developed countries use the international advanced technology such as GIS to study soil nutrient management is one of the hotspots of soil science research. At present, the soil nutrient space-time variability research and development is in a perfect stage. In recent years, the economy society changed greatly in Gaomi city, espcially the improvement of agricultural.with the standard farmland construction, comprehensive development of agriculture and soil fertilizer, using the implementation of soil ,there have been great changes in Gaomi city,such as soil fertility conditions, the cultivated land fertility level.In order to meet the requirements of high-yield agriculture, food safety, security, development, this paper take Gaomi City as an example to study the major agricultural nutrient status .This research is on the basis of the data soil, land use status and social economy in Gaomi city, taking the second soil census data in 1983, analyzing background value of the soil nutrient (soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydro nitrogen, rapidly-available phosphorus, rapidly-available potassium), analysing the soil nutrient status in the study area based on the investigation in 1998 and 2006, finding the space-time evolution rule of the soil nutrient and soil nutrients in 1983 and 2006. Choosing a series of indicators of the land use status\ economic and social in the study area in 1983 and 2006sustainable utilization of soil, Detailed analysing the obstacle factors of the the sustainable utilization influence, proposed a sustainable utilization countermeasures of the soil resource in the study area. The paper mainly include:1) summarizes domestic and foreign soil nutrient space and time variation research technique the Fisher tradition statistical method:Can only summarize the soil characteristic change the complete picture, but cannot reflect that its partial change characteristic, does not give to each observed value's space position takes seriously, therefore describes the soil characteristic spatial distribution accurately very difficultly in many situations. GIS and the place statistics unify research technique: GIS has the strong spatial data management function, but lacks to some question spatial analysis ability; The statistical school constitution has the strong spatial analysis function, but its spatial data management function is weak. The two's union may make up for one's deficiency by learning from others' strong points, can display the respective superiority fully.2)Understand the characteristics of soil nutrientThe result have showed that the soil nutrient is increasing by comparing the spatial distribution map at two Period betweeen 1983 and 2006. In 2006, the organic matter content in most areas is between 12-15g/kg, 53.07% of the whole area,which increased 47.5% compared to 1983. The change the trend of soil organic and the entire N is different, In 2006, the entire N content in most areas is between 0.7-0.9g/kg, 49.64% of the whole area; the Alkali-hydro N content in most areas is between 60-80mg/kg in 1983 and 2006; phosphorus P is the largest rise in study period; In 2006, the Rapidly-available potassium content in most areas is between 120-160mg/kg,mostly in Xiazhuang county,Renhe county,Kanjia county,Jiangzhuang county,Heya county and so on,71.83 of the whole area.3)Mastering the soil nutrient space-time evolutionThe result have showed that the soil nutrient is increasing by comparing the spatial distribution map at two Period betweeen 1983 and 2006. in 2006 the whole city organic content majority of regions between 12~15g/kg, account for the total area 53.07%,in 1983the area increased 47.5%; The soil entire N change and the organic archerytarget change tendency has a difference, in 2006 the whole city entire N content majority of regions between 0.7~0.9g/kg, account for the total area 49.64%; 1983rd, in 2006 whole city alkaline hydrolysis N content majority of regions between 60~80mg/kg; In the research time the soil fast-acting P increased range is biggest; in 2006 studies the area soil fast-acting K majority of regions mainly to concentrate between 80~120mg/kg in the research area Xiazhuang town, Renhe Town, the Kan county, the Jiangzhuang town, the river cliff town and so on, accounts for the total area 71.83%.4)Find the barrier factor of soil sustainable utilization,and proposed the corresponding countermeasures and measuresThrough the statistical data of the sustainable utilization soil obstacle factors in 1983-2006, the results showed that the GDP and agricultural production value, forest coverage, low investment in agriculture, food production are the main obstacles which restricted sustained utilization of soil. In view of the above the sustainable utilization of the main obstacle factors of soil, this research proposes three sustainable utilization of soil about Gaomi city.â‘ Increasing agricultural input, improving the agricultural production environment, promoting the agricultural production and output.â‘¡Strengthen irrigation construction, improve the soil productivity.â‘¢Strengthening forestry construction ,improving the ecological environment.