Study On Grain Yield And Quality Traits Of Rice In Liaoning Province

In order to increase grain yield and quality of rice, using 27 cultivars, the yield and its components, quality traits, physical characteristics and relationship between the traits were studied in Liaoning province in two years. The results are as follow:Grain yields of the idea type cultivars, such as Liaohe 12, Maoyang 3, Yanjing 228 and so on, were as high as hybrid japonica rice. Because the number of panicles per unit area, ripened grains per panicle and 1000-grains weight were all sufficient. The reason of high yield for Liaohe 12 was more panicles, that for Maoyang 3, or Shendao 18, was more ripened grains per panicle, and that for Yanjing 228, Panjin 78-2 and so on was sufficient yield components. To increase grain yield of rice, the components should be in higher level, especially higher percentage of ripened grains.Among quality traits, the CV of chalky grain was big. The trait of 88.9 percent cultivars tested in the experiment was at qualitative level, but just 3.7 percent reached at the first national grade. Amylose content and gel consistency of 59.3 percent cultivars was just at the first national grade although many of them were qualitative. The follow traits to need improving were gel consistency, amylase content, alkali spreading value and eating quality.There was a significant negative correlation between the number of panicles per unit area and number of spikelets, or ripened grains, per panicle. The number of ripened grains per panicle was associated with the number of ripened grains per panicle positively and with the percentage of ripened grains, or 1000-grains weight, negatively. The number of ripened grains per panicle had a negative correlation with he percentage of ripened grains, or 1000-grains weight.Milled rice rate was positively associated with brown rice rate, or head rice rate. But there was a negative correlation between head rice rate and chalky grain, or chalkiness. It means that the head rice rate of cultivar with more chalky grains is low. Grain length had a positive correlation with amylase content and gel consistency. The percentage of chalky grains was positively associated with chalkiness, but was in quadratic function with amylose content. The relationship between amylase content and protein content could be simulated in quadratic curve. The protein content should be high if the amylase contents were more than 21 percent and low than 17 percent.The relationship between percentage of ripened grains and grain length, or amylase content, or that between panicle setting rate and 1000-grains weight, or that between the number of tillers and grain yield, could be simulated in quadratic function. The relationship between plant height and milled rice rate, or chalkiness, should be filled in quadratic curve too. These mean that there is a suitable value for many traits. Grain yield and quality of rice can be improved in the meantime because the correlation coefficient of yield to quality trait is not significant.