| With the improvement of living standard, people make great effects not only for the increment of wheat grain yield, but also for the improvement of wheat quality in China. The experiment was carried out at the experimental station of the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from September 2004 to June 2005. Two strong gluten bread wheat cultivars (Jimai20, 8901-11) and loam soil was used to study the effect of different N fertilizer strategies on yield and quality.The paper is composed of two parts. The first part studied the effect of different methods of nitrogen application on the physiological indexes, yield and some quality characteristics of strong gluten wheat. The results showed that under the condition of high soil organic matter, the physiological indexes of lamina had improved by application of nitrogen, and the yield was increased. At the same time, the content of grain protein, protein yield, GMP content and glutenin content were improved. There were different effects of nitrogen fertilizer on albumin, globulin and gliadin of different wheat varieties. Under the condition of the same amount of fertilizer, the effect of top-dressing fertilizer is better than basic fertilizer. The responses of different varieties are different to the application of N-fertilizer. The effect of N-fertilizer application on 8901-11 was more than that on Jimai 20 in the trial.The second part studied the effect of three factors (the amount of N fertilizer, nitrogen topdressing ratio and nitrogen topdressing stage) on grain yield and quality of wheat by applying the rotatable orthogonal central composite designs. Three factors (the amount of N fertilizer, nitrogen top-dressing ratio and nitrogen top-dressing stage) were analyzed and the regression models were set on the grain yield, yield components, protein content, protein yield, protein compositions, GMP content, grain test weight and sedimentation value. Also the main effects, the single effects and the interaction effects were analyzed though the regression models. The results showed the amount of N fertilizer is the main factor to the grain yield and most quality characteristics. The responses of different varieties are different to the nitrogen topdressing ratio and nitrogen topdressing stage. Under the condition of high soil organic matter, the optimum cultivation measurements of Jimai 20 with high yield and good quality were N fertilizer 250 to300kg/hm~2, about 60% N fertilizer as top-dressing from floret differentiation stage to antherlobe formation stage. The optimum cultivation measurements with high yield were N fertilizer 80 to 160kg/hm~2, top-dressing 60% to 65% N fertilizer at late double ridge stage. To get good quality, the optimum cultivation measurements of 8901-11 were N fertilizer 230 to 330kg/hm~2, top-dressing 50% to 55% N fertilizer at floret differentiation stage. |
