Studies On The Morphological And Anatomical Structure Of Lonicera Ruprechtiana Regel

Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel is a perennial deciduous shrub of Lonicera in Caprifoliaceae . It is mainly distributed in the northeast of China, partly in the northern part of Korea, Russian, the eastern region of Siberia and far east region. It has been primarily studied on its pharmacology action and the comfiguration of the pollen of its variation.The structure of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruit and seed of Lonicera ruprechtiana were studied through scanning electron microscope and paraffin section method. It provides a new data for botanical theory and ensures its classification position on taxonomy. The relationship between the structure and environment was discussed. The results are as follows:1 .The primary structure of root of Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel: There are crystalloid clusters in the cortex. The Casparian strip is not clear in the endodermis. It has Actinostele, primary xylem is exarch, primary phloem located between primary xylems like an island.The pith is shaped in the middle. The primary xylem of root (seminal root) his of diarch and that of adventitious root is of triarch.2. The primary structure of its stem: There are trichome and glandular scale on the epidermis and not amylum grain in the endodermis. Archaeopteris, primary xylem is endarch. There's a pith cavity in the mid of stem. The crystalloid clusters exist in the cortex, phloem parenchyma and pith cells.The ratio of timber (xylem and pith) and tegument (phloem and cortex) of annual stem is big, which can reflect its strong growth.3.The secondary structure of root and stem of Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel has similar characteristics, belongs to diffuse-porus wood. The secondary xylem mainly is mainly consisted of pitted vessel, that his solitary pore, radial multiple pore and pore-chain. The end wall of vessel is sloped and has simple perforation. There are plenty of wood parenchyma in the secondary xylem, most of them are paratracheal parenchyma, belong to the aliform paratracheal parenchyma and vasicentric paratracheal parenchyma; less of them are apotracheal parenchyma, belong to the diffuse-aggregate parenchyma. The wood rays are heterogeneous Ⅰ and Ⅱ .The multiseriate rays are 2 ~ 3 cells wide have nodular thickening evidently. There is not companion cell in the secondary phloem of root. The periderm comesfrom cortex parenchyma cells. The phellogen is distributed in strip and the bark comes into being vertical ditch deeply. There are crystalloids cluster in the phloem parenchyma cell and the periderm..The average diameter of vessel in the root is bigger than that of stem, and the number in unit area is less, xylem fiber is shorter and less. There is more spiral thickening in the vessel wall of the secondary xylem and abundant tylosis in stem,. The secondary phloem of root has phloem fiber.4. The leaf of Lonicera ruprechtiana is dorsi-ventral type. The cuticle is thicker. There are unicellular epidermis hair and glandular scale on both sides of upper epidermis and lower epidermis of leaf. Through the electron microscope scanning, it was observed that there are strumae on the surface of epidermis hair and the distribution of hair on the lower epidermis is much denser and longer, the number of hair around the vein is bigger than that of mesophyll. The stomata belongs to paracytic type, the long axis of subsidiary cell parallels the guard cell, and is mainly distributed near the vein of the lower epidermis, none in the upper epidermis and the vein. The stomata index is 0.214. and the stomata number is 532/mm2. The mesophyll arrays much looser, the ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue is 1.9:1. There are crystalloid clusters in the mesophyll and the parenchyma cell of leafstalk and of vein. The leafstalk is three-leaf-trace.5. Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel is bisexual flower. The corolla is adnation , its shape is labiate. No stomata on the epidermis cell. There are nectaries inside the bottom of corolla, and it is composed of two kinds of secretion cell. Developed nectaries shows that is entomophilous flower with cross-pollination. The calyx is small, 5 tooth-like split, was born in the end part of corolla, and it also exists until fruit stage. The style is solid type, there are epidermis hairs on its surface. The wet stigma is head-like and the superficial is coarseness. The two ovaries are concrescence in the bottom. The pistil is syncarpous, the placentation is axile type and there are 3—4 chambers in the inferior ovary. There are 6—8 anatropous ovules in the chambers. The ektexine of ovary wall has cuticle. The embryo-sac belongs to polygonum type. A lot of crystalloids cluster in the parenchyma cell of flower.The electron microscope scanning was shown that the pollen grain is round on the equator plane, and triangle-roundness on the pole plane. It has polarity and symmetry, the germinal furrow is 3, the germinal pore is round. The ektexine of pollen is rough, it has little stab or burl sculpture.6. The fruit is inferior ovary berry. Many crystalloids cluster in the parenchyma cell of fruit. There is no stone cells in the fruit. There are 5 or 6 seeds in it. The seed belongs to the Dicotyledon albuminous seed, atropous embryo, the seed skin is much thicker. There are also crystalloids clustered in the endotesta.7.1t was shown that there are lots of crystalloids clustered in the parenchyma cell of contex of primary structure in root, the parenchyma cell of primary phloem and of pith of stem, the phloem parenchyma cell in the secondary structure and the peridermis, mesophyll and the parenchyma cell of leafstalk and vein, the parenchyma cell of flower, endotesta etc. The existence of crystalloids can enhance the ability of anti-drought, anti-cold and anti-pest, it also can act as support in the structure of plant.The relation between the plant and its environment is unity. On the long-term affection of environment, the plant's structure, physiological function and ecological characteristic must be conformed with its change. The anatomical structure was shown that it is mesophyte, and it can bear drought, cold, pest and negative press strongly . The structure characteristics were also shown that the best reproductive way is separating plant and cuttage.