Studies On Mycobiota And Ecological Characteristics Of Black Soil Fungi In Corn Crop From Jilin

From 2003 to 2004,108 black soil samples of corn crop were taken from Yushu,Dehui,Changchun and Gongzhuling。 We used three kinds of isolating methods(Thin liquid plate method, Soil particle washing technique and Soil plate method ),131 Isolates obtained were identified. The partial soil sample mycobiota and ecological characteristics were studied.Mycobiota studies were focused on soil fungi quantity, genus and species distribution of black soil corn crop . The varity of soil fungi quantity of black soil corn crop in different films were studied,the varity of genus and species in different films were studied,too. We analysed and discussed seasonal variation and veritical distribution of black soil fungi.Ecological characteristics preliminary studied the movement of black soil fungi number and the relationship with 6 kinds of environmental factors(Water contents,pH, available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available postassium and organic matter) through the timing of the corn growing.And studied the varity of black soil mycobiota in different fertilizational black soil.On the basis of morphological observation, we identified as 25 genera,55 species and 4 varieties of fungi. 14 species are the new recorded species in Jilin. 25 genera, Acremonium Link, Alternaria Nees, Arthrobotrys Corda., Aspergillus (Mich.) Link, Beauveria Vuill., Circinella sp.v.Tiegh. et Monn., Cladosporiwn Link, Curvularia Boed., Epicoccum Link, Exophiala Carm., Fusarium Link, Geotrichum Link., Humicola Traaen, Kabatiella Bub., Mucor Mich. ex Fr., Myrothecium Tode, Neurospora Shear et Didge., Paecilomyces Bain., Papulaspora Preuss., Penicillium Link,Phialophora sp.Medlar., Pythium Pringsh. ,Rhizopus Ehrenb., Scopulariopsis Bain, and Trichoderma Pers.. 59 species ,Acremonium kiliense Grutz., Acremonium strictum W.Gams, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., Arthrobotrys superba Corda., Aspergillus sydowii (Bain.et Sart.)Thom et church., Aspergillus carnus(v.Tiegh.)Thom. > Aspergillus niger v.Tiegh.^ Aspergillus terreus Thorn var.aureus Thorn & Raper^ Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr.var.flavus> Aspergillus melleus Yukawa. > Aspergillus penicilloides Speg.> Aspergillus puniceus Kwon & Fenn^ Aspergillus fumigatus $res.^ Aspergillus ustus (Bain)Thom & Church., Aspergillus ochraceus Wilh. x Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.)Tirab.var.versicolor^ Aspergillus terricola March, x Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petchu Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link var.lablab SacCx Cladosporium carpophilum Thum.> Cladosporium tenissimum Cooke.^ Curvularia lunata (Walk.) Boed., Epicoccum purpurascens Ehrenb.^ Exophiala jeanselmer (Langeron) McGinnis^ Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, Fusarium moniliforme.vax.intevmedium> Fusarium merismoides Corda^ Geotrichum candidum Link.> Humicolagrisea Traaen.y Humicolafuscoatra Traaen.^ Kabatia microsticta Bubak.N Mucor hiemalis Wehmer.x Myrothecium roridum Todex Neurospora crassa Shear et Dodge^ Paecilomyces marquandii (Mass.) Hughes.^ Paecilomyces varioti Bain. > Paecilomyces inflatus (Burnside) Carmichael. x Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thorn)Samson. ^ Papulaspora equi Shadomy & Dixon.> Penicillium citrinum Thorn. > Penicillium decumbens Thorn. > Penicillium nigricans (Bain.) Thorn, x Penicillium purpurogenum stolid Penicillium corylophilum Dierckx^ Penicillium citreomigrum Dierckx.^ Penicillium rubrum Stolid Penicillium implicatum Biourge^ Penicillium thomii Maire.> Penicillium spinulosum Thorn, x Penicillium islandicum Sopp.> Penicillium waksmanii Zal., Penicillium restrictum Gilm.et Abbott, n Penicillium janthinellum Biourge.> Pythium acanthophoron Sid. x Pythium caroliniarum Matth. x Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Lind. ^ Scopulariopsis canadensis Morton & Smith. > Trichoderma atroviride P.karsten,Finl. and Trichoderma harziamum Rifai,MycoLThe results of mycobiota studies showed that Penicillium and Aspergillus is the main genus.The seasonal variation of soil fungi quantity of black soil corn crop in different films is different.There are more fungi in the topsoil(0-20cm deep) than in the subsoil layers(20-40cm deep), the composition of fungi in topsoil and subsoil horizon of all plot s is different.The results of ecological characteristics studies showed that the water contents have straight relationship with the soil fungi numbers in soil layers of normal fertilization soil, it isdifferent from nonfarm soil and CK soiland.In nonfarm soil,the organic matter have straight relationship with the soil fungi numbers, but the soil fungi numbers have negative relationship with the water contents.