| In the field condition,the experiment studied the accumulation and the effects of fertilization of starch quality from 2002 to 2004.Three wheat cultivars were adopted with different gluten typerzhengmai 9023(strong gluten potential cultivar),wenmai 4(medium gluten potential cultivar) and yumai 50(weak gluten potential cultivar).The main results were as followings.1. The yield had no significance differences among three wheat cultivars. Yumai 50 showed a highest kernel hardness and flour extraction, degree of softening,extensibility while Zhengmai 9023 showed the highest gluten content . Compared with Yumai 50 and Wenmai 4,the water absorption,develooment time and stability time were highest in Zhengmai 9023,and the same condition occurred in extension erea. resistance and max resistance. The degree of softening extensibility that was the lowest in Zhengmai 9023 was the highest in Yumai 50, and the same condition occurred in extension,. Yumai 50 showed the highest peak viscosity, valley viscosity, final viscosity and setback value, and the lowest breakdown value, Zhengmai 9023 showed the highest pasting temperature and setback value, while Wenmai 4 showed the highest peak viscosity, valley viscosity and final viscosity.2. The sucrose and glucose content in grains of three varieties with different gluten type was dropped constantly respectively after anthesis and at early grain filling stage.The fructose content in the grains of Zhengmai 9023 peaked at 6 days after anthesis,while in Yumai 50 and Weranai4 the fructose content peaked at 6 days and rose slightly at 24 days after anthesis.The total soluble sugar content in the grains of Zhengmai 9023 peaked at 6 days after anthesis and 18 days after anthesis,and the first peak was much higher than that of the second,while in the Yumai 50 and Wenmai 4 the content peaked at 12 days after anthesis.The starch and its component content in grains of three varieties with different gluten type rose constantly after anthesis,and the content in the grains of Yumai 50 was much higher than that in the Zhengmai9023 and Wenmai 4.AGPP activity in grains of three varieties with different gluten type peaked at 18 days after anthesis.UGPP and SSS activity in the grains of Wenmai 4 peaked respectively at 12 days and 18 days after anthesis,while in Yumai 50 and Zhengmai 9023 peaked respectively at 18 days and 12 days after anthesis.3 .The total sugar content and sucrose content in the flag leaf of Zhengmai 9023 peaked at 18 days after anthesis,while in Yumai 50 and Wenmai4 total sugar content and sucrose content peaked at 12 days and 24 days after anthesis.The SS activity were highest in Yumai 50 amongthree wheat cultivars except 18 days after anthesis.The SPS activity were highest in Yumai 50 during the initial filling stage ,and it was highest in Zhengmai 9023 during the mid filling stage,while it was highest in Wenmai 4 during the late filling stage.The total sugar content peaked at 12 days and 24 days after anthesis in wheat sheath of Wenmai 4 while that peaked at 12 days days after anthesis in wheat sheath of Zhengmai 9023 and Yumai 50.The sucrose ,fluctose and glucose content were highest in wheat sheath of Zhengmai 9023 among three wheat cultivars.In wheat stem the total sugar content had a maximum in three wheat cultivars, In the top 1st node of wheat stem and in top 2nd and 3rd node of wheat stem the total sugar content were lowest in Yumai 50.The content of sucrose ,glucrose and frucrose were highest in Zhengmai 9023 during the mid kernel filling stage. The sucrose content were highest in top 2nd and 3rd node of wheat stem in Zhengmai 9023 during the initial kernel filling stage while it was highest in Yumai 50 during the late kernel filling.The maximum of the content of glucrose were highest in Zhengmai 9023 while the maximum of the content of frucrose were highest in Yumai 50 in top 2nd and 3rd node of wheat stem.In top 4th and 5th node of wheat stem the total sugar content were highest in Wenmai 4 which were lowest in Yumai 50. The content of sucrose .glucrose and frucrose were highest in Zhengmai 9023 during the mid kernel filling stage while that were highest in Yumai 50 during the late kernel stage .4. The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield and quality with physiological basis in Yumai 50 and Zhengmai 9023 were as follows:The P treatment increased the spike number ,1000 grain weight and yield of Yumai 50 and Zhengmai 9023. The N treatment decreased kernel hardness and increased wet gluten content. The N treatment had positively influence on water absorption,develooment time,degree of softening,extensibility of Yumai 50 and Zhengmai 9023. About the rheological parameters, the P treatment had no significant effect,the K treatment had negatively influence on weak gluten wheat Yumai 50 while it had positively influence on strong gluten wheat Zhengmai 9023. The N,P and K treatment had positively influence on weak gluten wheat on flour gelatinization characteristics ,but they had negatively influence on strong gluten wheat Zhengmai 9023 except breakdown value,and the effects of nitrogen were highest.The P and K treatment improved the amylose content,amylopenctin and total starch content in three wheat cultivars.As to Zhengmai 9023,the K treatment improved the UDPP activity during the mid kernel filling stage.The N,P and K treatment improved the ADPP activity before 24 days after anthesis,which had no significant effect on the SSS activity.As to Yumai 50, the N,P and K treatment decreased the UDPP activity during the kernel filling stage,but the N,P and K treatment improved the ADPP activity from 12 to 24 days after anthesis.The K treatment increased the SSS activity before 18 days after anthesis but the P treatment decreased the SSSactivity before 24 days after anthesis.5 The N,P and K treatment decreased the sucrose content and total sugar content in flag leaf in Zhengmai 9023.The K treatment inproved the sucrose content during the late kernel filling stage in Yumai 5O.The N treatment increased the chlorophyll content and the N,P and K treatment inproved the SPS activity in Zhengmai 9023.The total sugar content had a maximum in wheat stem of treatments and in sheath of Zhengmai 9023 while it peaked at 6 and 18 days after anthesis in Yumai 50. The treatments increased the contribution of temporal reserves before anthesis but decreased the contribution of temporal reserves after anthesis in Zhengmai 9O23.The contribution of total reserves were higher in K treatment than in CK while that were lower in N and P treatments.As to Yumai 50, the contribution of temporal reserves before anthesis were increased in N and P treatments while it were decreased in K treatment. The contribution of temporal reserves after anthesis were increased in N and K treatments while it were decreased in P treatment. The contribution of total reserves were higher in N treatment than in CK while that were lower in P and K treatments.6. As to Zhengmai 9023, the interaction of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatments applied fertilizer increased yield .The PK treatment increased the kernel hardness , flour extraction and flour ash, which significantly decreased the gluten content,and the left treatment showed the opposite trendency.The NP,NK and NPK treatments improved the water absorption,develooment time, stability time and the PK treatment decreased these.Compared with CK,the treatments applied fertilizer showed a lower resistance and max resistance? The treatments applied fertilizer showed a higher breakdown value than that in CK.The Peak viscosity, Valley viscosity, Final viscosity and setback value were higher in the NP,NK and NPK treatments than that in CK,while these were lower in PK treatment than that in CK.As to Yumai 50,the NP,PK and NPK treatments showed a higher yield but the NK treatment showed a lower yield than that in CK.The gluten content and falling number which were higher in NP,NK and NPK treatments were lower in PK treatment than that in CK.The NP,NK and NPK treatments showed a higher the water absorption and a lower stability time and degree of softening ,but the PK treatment showed a lower development time and a lower degree of softening.The treatments applied fertilizer showed a higher pasting temperature and a lower breakdown value. The treatments applied fertilizer accelerated the accumulation of starch content of Yumai 50 and Zhengmai 9023,and the turn of starch content in kernela was:NPK>PK>NP>NK>CK.7.As to Zhengmai 9023, the interaction of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatments had no significant influence on the sucrose content and the total sugar content but these treatments improved the SS and SPS activities during the late kernel filling stage.As to Yumai 50, the interaction of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatments improved the total sugar content... |
