Ecological Landscape Forests In Shenzhen

With the improvement of peoples living quality, our demands on environments is also improving. We can not tolerate living in stifling grey cement jungles any longer. So, how to draw forest into the construction of a city, in order to improving the environment and developing forestry of a city, has been taken into action. Now, it has been making successful effect.In recent twenty years, Shenzhen is making high speed developments in economy and all aspects of society. Capital constructions and functions of the city are more and more perfect. Shenzhen has developed into a big city of regional economical center from a frontier town, it has gone ahead the big and secondary cities in china because of synthetical strength. In present, the plant coverage ratio has been reaching to 51.9% in Shenzhen, the average Greenland per person in 35.2m2. Shenzhen has been constructed mainly as a subtropical landscape city. However, there is big difference in afforestation when compared with the international standard in Shenzhen on the whole, especially the city background of hilly country forest vegetation landscape in very bad, It hinders the construction of international landscape city in Shenzhen. To build hilly country eco-landscape forest as city background in s good tentative idea, it derives from "Shenzhen afforestation system program" early in 1993. At the end of 1997, some relevant experts demonstrated the "view of ecological landscape forest program in Shenzhen", and put it into agenda as the construction of hilly country eco-landscape forest of city background. The terminology of eco-landscape forest was first posed in Shenzhen, it reflects Chinese distinguishing feature, because it considers the very important functions of ecological protection that Chinese city forests still take on.Eco-landscape forest is intervened and mixed disposal forest, it was build on the base of existing hilly forest, through reforming the forest structure by tree species disposure and forest management, it can evolve to regional acme communities, which can make sustainable ecological benefit and obvious landscape effect. We select constructive species and superior species of local plant communities as mainstay species, and select the species with apparent landscape effect as keynote species, to build forest landscape with different topics and functions.In overseas, there is a lot of studies of urban forest, but a few people has studied the ea-landscape forest. In fact, many countries call this kind of forest as urban forest. In Chinese, we continued to use the ways of Chinese classical gardens in the process of city afforestation all along, so we quote the concept of urban forest relatively late. In recent years, the process of building city is speeding up, it results in many ecological and environmental problems, then the construction of eco-landscape forest arouse people's attention gradually, and we have discussed some questions about the construction of eco-landscape forest.Shenzhen has superior natural conditions, abundant forest resources, unique regional environment, solid economic foundation and good forestry situation, all of this provide a very good condition for eco-landscape forest construction project.In order to building eco-landscape forest in Shenzhen, we must investigate the composition and structure of the hilly country forest communities first, and select tree species following the principles of "soils and trees fit each other, local species are main and foreign species are supplementary, give consideration to both ecological functions and landscape effect." We also must to seek the plant growth and development regularity of local forest ecosystem, and the scientific ways of rebuilding forestecosystem.On the base of preliminary field investigation, we build a 20*20m2 sample in each typical forest that we hare selected, and investigate the soils and vegetation in sample thoroughly. We measure the proportion of N, P, K in plants, and the proportion of N, P, K, organic matter in sails. We also measure the soils pH. We ascertain the composition and characteristics of main plant communities by calculating the important value of each plant.Granite and sandstone are the original rock that evolves to forest soils in Shenzhen. There are four soil types and seven soil genus in all hilly areas of the city. They are granite hilly yellow soil, granite hilly red soil, sandstone hilly red soil, erosion deep red soil, granite deep red soil, sandstone deep red soil and seashore sandy soil. The pH of soils are 4.6-4.8, the content of soil organic matter is little, the available K content is high. The soils are short of N, P. we need to apply fertilizer (if we afforest) in the process of afforestation.Shenzhen is in transitional region between south subtropical and north subtropical. The regional vegetation type is evergreen seasonal rainforest which still belongs to the type of tropical seasonal rainforest. The species is diverse and rich in tropical nature, they mainly belong to lauraceae, Ewphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae, proteaceae and Elaeocarpaceae. The original forest does not exist any longer because of long-term disruption. The main vegetation types in Shenzhen are evergreen conifer forest, evergreen broad leaf forest, seasonal evergreen broad-leaf forest.The guide line of this article on the program of eco-landscape forest is beginning from reality and high standard, outstanding scientism, preacting and operability; and building city eco-land scape forest combining ecological, landscape, rest and moderate commercial functions, to become the demonstrated project of city eco-landscape forest in china.According to ecological theory, we develop economy, improve and uphold the balance of ecosystem, aiming for the harmony of people and mature, modernization and nature, economy and diversity, insuring sustainable development of living beings and landscape diversity through building eco-landscape forest project According to plant community succession theory, tree species biological traits and bionics principle, adopting the manner of little community hybridism, we make it to reappear increasingly the forest landscape similar to south subtropical evergreen broad leaf forest.The construction of ecological landscape forest is an biological project which should be done step by step. It has the property of longevity and endurance and can not be completed right away the construction time limit is anticipated to be five years.In the program of the tree species, we should stick to the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions and planting proper trees on proper lands. According to the forest's major function the compositive benefits of optimized variable species must be exerted. In the process, the landscaping forests may be constructed in a piece of land, or a band and or be condesed in some districts we should take quantity collective and its network function into account Because things are different in priority and importance, we can speed up the construction in important regions and make them stand-out. The second class tree species for landscaping aforestation are as follows: forest for water reservation, forest for preserving water and soil forest along the main land, forest to prevent the weaves and forests for some other special uses.In the process of choosing tree species. The principles of adjusting measures to local conditions, planting proper trees on proper lands and biodiversity should be insisted on According to the request of ecological function and landscaping function, the principles of combining tree species with the characters of constructive species zones and view and admiration should also insisted on. The principles of givingpriority to tree species of longevity and combining tree species of longevity and fast growth should be insisted on the principles of giving priority to species of choiceness, which get success in local afforestation, introducing into and being secondary to try other tree species should be insisted on. 32 classes and 69 species of important tree species on the construction of ecological landscaping forest are adopted this time.In the process of designing the exercise of construction, on the guidance of the theory of plant community succession and visual aesthetics, the fashion of small community hybrid are adopted as principle. By long continual endeavor, the forest landscape of tropical evergreen broad forest in south Asian is simulated and recurred. The types of constructive measures are divided into three kinds, that is, the property of unforest afforestation, the property of forest alteration and the property of closing, raising, managing and protecting. There into, the property of forest alteration is the keystone to the project, which is divided into the property of thinning alteration, the property of afforestation. Under the crown of trees and the property of patching and planting afforestation.The construction of ecological landscaping forest in Shenzhen city is a magnificent project of social common wealth. It'll play a great role in the case of promoting spiritual and material civilization construction, also in urban eco-environmental construction. If it has been done, prominent concerning ecology, society and underlying economy will be attained. The construction of Ecological landscaping forest will ameliorate basically the structure and function of the city's forest ecological system, and bring great effect on ecology benefits. The calculation according to relative methods and parameters has been completed. Mere wafer preservation, Soil and fertilizer preservation and air-cleaning costs saved are accounted to zs.684 million RMB. The effects are also very remarkable in griping dust, reducing noises, regulating Climate and promoting human habitant and so on.. The construction in Shenzhen city is good to optimize dwelling environment, good to complete city function and good to promote social, economical and environmental persisting-development, It's a project of ecological commonwealth. It has great potential bucks except its great promise to ecology and society, The program only estimates the woody reservation usage There would be 48153.8 ha forest and the profits of lumber reservation would be 22390 thousand RMB if it reaches the parameters followed: growth quantity 3 cubic meters per ha year, total quantum 14461.4 cubic meters, and the price 150 Yuan per cubic.The construction of ecological landscaping forest is a sophisticated systematical project. A series of guaranty measures must be founded and completed in order to ensure the project's fluent implement.