Observation In The Pollen Biological Character And Shoot And Leaves Of Six Apricot Cultivars In Shanxi

Polyploidy had the very vital significance in the plant evolution, about a half of species belong topolyploidy in the plant field .The doubling breeding can change the certain characters of gardening plantefficiently, specially in fruit trees, and sequentially improve its quality and resistance. The superiority ofpolyploidy breeding lies in "hugeness" of plant cell chromosome , which was suitable multipled. Obviouschangement include flower organ, the size of pollen grain and stoma enlarged, but the number of stomareduced and leaves thicked and widthed and so on. This purpose of experiment is to identify and analyzethe characters and correlative target of the size , shape, oma of pollen, stoma and shoot based on opticsmicroscope and scanning microscope. These characters can be as the indirect target of identify breeding.The result of observation were showed as followed: (1) The size of single nucleus of pollen had obviousdifference in the meiosis of pollen mother cells of six apricot cultivars. Since "LiangShengxing"was biggerthan other apricot cultivars, it may be Polyploidy and the otlier cultivars were Diploid. (2) All the apricotcultivars have lower pollen activity, the rate of germination of "Liangshengxing" was higher than otherapricot cultivars and there were no difference among them. (3 ) The pattern of six apricot cultivars havea similar length globular and ellipse, but had obvious difference among the size of every apricot pollen,"Liangshengxing" was bigger than other apricot cultivars obviously, we can infer it may be polyploidy.(4 ) The character orna of pollen grain embody the evolution rule and had no obvious difference amongthe different apricot cultivars. (5 ) The observation on the length, width of shoot and the thickness, tissuesof leaves showed notible differences among all the apricot cultivars, we can also infer "Liangshengxing"may be polyploidy. The results indicted that the size and dense of stomata are a stable, which is valuable onindentification of different cultivars by microscope and there is a negative correlation and this character ofapricot cultivars might be related with ploidy. The character of stoma also was the target of doublingdistinction.