Effects Of Fertilization On Grain Yield, Quantity And WUE In Winter Wheat

Field experiment was conducted by split design in dryland of Zhen Yuan in the east of Gansu Province, to study different fertilizers effects on yield, quality, WUE(water using efficiency)and physiological index of noodle wheat variety. The results are as follows: 1. Fertilizations have significant influence on grain yield and yield factors. Combined applications of N and P particularly increased the grain yield, not only the ear numbers,the grain numbers and the gain weights but also the more harmonious yield factors. The average yields of combined applying N plus P, N plus P and K are 3067.2, 3813.3kg/ha respectively. While the only K application has no significant influence on yield. The grain yields are lower in the applications of P,P plus K and N plus K, which is between 1811.4 and 2812.5 kg/ha. Therefore, the key factor that promote yield is still N and P fertilization. 2. Fertilizations have significant effects on wheat nutrient quality and the processing quality. The application of nitrogenous fertilizer can increase the wheat quality. A significant increase in quality is obtained from N+K combined application but not from P,K and P+K applications which has little difference from no fertilization application. The CV of the protein, wet gluten, lysine content and SDS are 6.75%,11.91%,5.96% and 10.01% respectively in all treatments, so the effect of fertilization on processing quality is more significant than on nutrient quality. 3. Fertilization significantly increases the wheat water consumption (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) and decreases the soil moisture in the wheat growth period. And the effect of combined application of N with P is greater than the single application of nitrogenous fertilizer or phosphorus fertilizer. Combined fertilization of N and P is good for wheat to absorb the water from deep soil. Compared with no nutrient treatment, water use efficiency (WUE) of NP combined fertilization increases by 8% to 17.5% and water consumption (ET) increases by 69.33% to 110%.On the basis of correlating analysis among yield, water consumption (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE), the result shows that there is significant positive correlation between yield and WUE, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97, and poor correlations between yield and water consumption (ET), consumption (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE). The CV of ET is lower than that of yield and water use efficiency (WUE). 4. The physiological characters of different fertilization are different. Compared with no nutrient treatment, the single application of nitrogenous fertilizer or P fertilizer can increase the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaves. And the combined application of N with P is the most effective. The transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves of single application of P fertilizer is lower than that of single application of N fertilizer and combined application of N with P, which is 1.861 H2Ommolm-2s-1. 5. There are obviously positive correlations between crown temperature and yield or WUE. Therefore the crown temperature can be an index sign to forecast the grain yield and WUE in wheat production.