| Abstract: This research was carried out during the 2003–2005 to study theinfluence of organic ferlizers and calcium fertilizers on calcium nutrition of Fuji of Malusdomestica. In addition, the comparison of calcium nutrition of Fuji fruit ofdifferent soil types and cultivars in Burozem were done. The results were asfollowed:1. The calcium concentration of apple fruits sampled from different soilsexisted significant difference. The fruits in Gravel blackland orchard containedthe highest calcium concentration of 156.83 mg/kg FW comparing to those inother soil types. The calcium concentration of fruits in Fluvio-aquio, cinnamonsoil, Burozem and Salinized soil reduced in turn. There was a strong positivelycorrelation between the concentration of fruit and exchangeable calcium , andthe correlation coefficient was 0.758.2. The calcium concentration of fruits in Burozem was the highest inyoung fruit and it became reduced with fruit developing, especially in the earlystage of developing. There was significant difference among different cultivars.The young fruit of 'Starkrimson'contains the highest calcium concentration of506.52mg/kg relative to other cultivars. 'Pink Lady'is the next, while Fuji isonly 66.27% of 'Starkrimson'. The order of calcium concentration is asfollowed: Starkrimson > Sansa > Pink Lady > Senshu > Gala > Fuji > RedGeneral > New Century. It was the same to mature fruit.The calcium concentration of leaves and shoots increased with thedevelopment of growth, which displayed little difference in the season earlystage, and significant difference in the later stage, especially for shoots. Thehighest of 19638.6 mg/kgFW was in 'Starkrimson'and the lowest of8751.3mg/kg was in Fuji. The concentration of peduncle had the increasingtendency with the development of fruit and was in accord with theaccumulation of calcium of fruit.3. Apple can accumulate calcium in the whole development, but thereare different proportions in different periods. It is of 35-46% of total calciumin young fruit, the lower in seed development, and a peak in growing rapidlystage. Some cultivars of early maturity, ie Gala, Sansa, Starkrimson, canaccumulate near 30% of total calcium in the growing rapidly stage. Thecultivars of later maturity had consistent accumulation of calcium, becausethey had longer growing rapidly stage.Such as Fuji and Pink Lady, which canaccumulate 42.5% and 51.3% of total calcium in the stage.There was littleaccumulation after physiological maturity. 4. Some factors of influencing fruit affected the concentration of calcium of fruit.As for high load tree, there were lower total calcium, NaCl-Ca and Res-Ca, higher H2O-Ca,HAC-Ca and HCl-Ca than low load tree in fruit. The concentration of total calcium insmall fruit was significantly higher than that of middle and big fruit. And the mostdifference among them was in NaCl-Ca and HCl-Ca. The concentration of total calcium inbagging fruit was lower than no-bagging fruit. 5. Applying CaSO4 and Ca(NO3)2 in soil increased significantly theconcentration of total calcium, exchangeable calcium of soil and fruit. Amongall treatments, the treatment of Ca(NO3)2 2Kg and CaSO4 3.5Kg contained thehighest level of exchangeable calcium and fruit calcium respectively. CaSO4was chosen because of less cost. 6. The combination of organic fertilizer and CaSO4 or Ca(NO3)2 increasedsignificantly the concentration of total calcium, exchangeable calcium of soiland fruit. The treatment of organic fertilizer 5kg in Winter+spraying aminoacid calcium in young fruit+CaSO43.5kg in growing rapidly stage wassuggested for all-year fertilizing. The treatment of organic fertilizer10kg+Ca(NO3)2 0.5kg was chosen if only fertilizing in Spring. CaSO4 2.5kg+spraying amino acid calcium was the best choice if considering the spraying. 7. Applying calcium fertilizers increased the concentration of calciumcompounds of fruit and the concentration of H2O-Ca, NaCl-Ca and Res-Caincreased most.The concentration of H2O-Ca, HCl-Ca and HAC-Ca decreased... |
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