The Physiology And Biochemistry And Main Medicinal Ingredients Of Pinellia Ternata Breit Under Different Cultivation Conditions

Pinellia ternata Breit are herbaceous monocots of Araceae Pinellia. It is one of the numerous traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, with a medicinal history of about 2000 years. The self-propagation coefficient of Pinellia ternata Breit is low and the wild resource of Pinellia ternata Breit has been using up due to overdigging and deterioration of ecological environment. Men have cultivated Pinellia ternata Breit for only 30 years. The growth of Pinellia ternata Breit is greatly affected by cultivation conditions. In addition, the cost of cultivation is high and many diseases affect the tuber yield of Pinellia ternata Breit. It can hardly meet the increasing demand for medicinal application domestically and for export due to the present backward cultivation techniques. Other similar tubers of the same Genus or Family have been used as Pinellia ternate Breit substitutes in certain regions.In this study, Pinellia ternata Breit seedlings derived from tissue culture were cultivated under different conditions (media and fertilizers) and the yield, the main medicinal ingredients and the resitance-related enzymes, SOD, POD and CAT were analyzed, providing the biochemical and physiological bases for effective and economic artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternate Breit.The main results are as follows:1. The effect on the yield and the rate of lodge of Pinellia ternata Breit under different cultivation conditions.The rate of lodge of Pinellia ternata Breit was affected by the different cultivational conditions, and thus the yield of tubers. Between the the two media, perlite and ordinary soil, the yields from perlite cultivations were very significantly higher than those from soil; Different amount of fertilizers also very significantly affected the yields, with 1/2MS+K+P (KH₂PO₄100mg/L) being the highest in tuber yield.2. The effect on enzyme activity in the leaf of Pinellia ternata Breit in different cultivation conditions.Peroxidase (POD) is one of the protective enzymes in plants against active oxygen; it plays very important roles in resistance to various physical and chemical stresses, in reducing active oxygen accumulation and destruction of cell structure and function, especially in maintain the integrity of membrane systems. The difference in leaf POD activity of Pinellia ternata Breit clutivated in the two media was insignificant; but Different amount of fertilizers had very significant difference on POD activity, with 1/2MS+K+P (KH₂PO₄ 100mg/L) being the highest.Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the most important enzyme that eliminates superoxide radicals (O₂). .Leaf SOD activity of Pinellia ternata Breit in perlite is very significantly higher than in soil; Difference in SOD activity of different fertilizing conditions is also very significant, with 1/2MS+K+P (KH₂PO₄ 100mg/L) being the highest in SOD activity.Catalase (CAT), a membrane ptotective enzyme, removes H₂O₂. Leaf CAT activity of Pinellia ternate in perlite isvery significantly higher than that in soil; Difference in CAT activity of different fertilizing conditions is also very siginificant, with 1/5 MS being the highest in CAT activity.3. The effect on zymogram of leaf of Pinellia ternata Breit of different cultivation conditions.The zymogram of leaf POD, SOD and CAT of Pinellia ternata Breit of different cultivation conditions had no difference in banding pattern except in activity.4. The effect on medicinal ingredients of Pinellia ternata Breit tubers of different cultivation conditions.Aspartic acid (Asp), one of the main medicinal ingredients in the tuber of Pinellia ternata Breit, is a cough-reliever. Difference in Asp content between different media is insignificant; but differences among different fertilizing conditions are very siginificant, with 1/2MS+K+P (KH₂PO₄ 100mg/L) being the highest.Pinellin is a plant agglutinin with many medical applications. The content of total proteins in tubers of Pinellia ternata Breit is clearly affected by different mediums and different quantities of fertilizers, higher in soil cultivation than in perlite cultivation. The content of protein in l/2MS(and I/5MS) is significantly higher than the others.