| Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen and silicon rates on plant development, grain yield, quality and physiological characteristics of Liangyoupejiu in the early and late seasons of 2003. In the early season of 2004, pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of silicon application pattern on plant development and physiology of Liangyoupeijiu. The results showed are as follows.Within the range of 69 ~ 207kg N /hm~2, increased nitrogen fertilization increased leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, leaf dry matter distributing ratio, plant silicon content and accumulation. However, nitrogen application rates did not make significant influence on the ratio of effective panicles, net photosynthesis, stem-sheath dry matter distributing ratio, plant K content and accumulation. Effective panicles increased with nitrogen application increase, but the highest seed set were seen at middle nitrogen application. Within the range of 0-240kg silicon fertilization/hm~2 , increased silicon fertilization increased effective panicles ratio, leaf area index, plant silicon content and accumulation, but the influence of siliconapplication level on plant P content and accumulation and K accumulation is not significant. Increased silicon fertilization increased the panicles, but made little influence on grains per ear and grain weight. In early season, the treatment of 138 kg N /hm2 plus 240 kg silicon fertilization/hm2 harvested the highest grain. But in the late season, the highest grain yield appeared when 207 kg N /hm plus 240 kg silicon fertilization/hm were applied. For grain quality, increased nitrogen application significantly increased the head milled rice, gel length and protein content in the early season. In the late season, alkali-spreading, gel-length and protein content increased significantly with nitrogen application increased, but chalky ratio showed downtrend. High silicon treatment showed significant higher alkali-spreading than the no silicon fertilization treatment. Silicon fertilization made no obvious influence on other grain quality in both seasons.Nitrogen and silicon rates also made important influence of physiology in plants after heading. Increased nitrogen fertilization decreased the soluble sugar & starch contents in grains, amylose content in milled grains from 11 of October to 8 of November. Nitrogen application level also affected the sugar & amino acid contents in leaves after heading. However, the influence of nitrogen fertilization on sugar & starch contents in stem-sheath and GPT activity in leaves were not significant. Within the range of 0-240 kg silicon fertilization/hm2, increasing silicon fertilization increased Q-enzyme in grain and decreased amylose content in milled grains from 11 of October to 8 of November. Increasing silicon fertilization also affected sugar content in grain and amino acid content in stem-sheath after heading, but its influence on sugar content in leaves, starch content ingrain, amino acid content in leaves and protein content in grain is not significant. The positive correlation between amino acid content in stem-sheath and amylose content in milled grains was significant. And protein content in grain and amylose content in milled grains positively and significantly correlated.In the pot experiment, silicon fertilization increased tillers, leaves area, root amount, capacity, vitality and dry weight as well as plant dry matter accumulation. Silicon fertilization also increased specific leaf weight at tillering and booting, and increased the net photosynthesis from tillering to heading. Therefore, silicon fertilization increased the grain yield, but its influence on the ratio of stem-sheath, leaf, grain in dry plant, 1000-grain weight and P accumulation is not significant. In all treatments, B treatment can increase the effective panicles to a higher level. C and D treatments got a higher grain per ear and seed set, thus their grain yields were higher. |
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