The Research On The Feasibility And The Benefit Of No-tillage In The Agricultural Mechanized Farming

No-tillage is defined as seeding directly into previously undisturbed soil. The use of the sub-soiler did improve the maximum root penetration, crop emergence, and plant population. The sub-soiling is also effective to improve soil structure and plant in heavy clay soils No-tillage cropping systems and concepts have evolved rapidly since the early 1960s and are practicing worldwide. According to statistics Canada (1997), conventional tillage is practiced on 69% of Canada's total arable land, followed by conservation tillage 24% and No-tillage 7%. Today, the benefits of no-tillage have been confirmed by recently years of continuous no-tillage cropping on numerous farms. Under this system, moisture is conserved, yield are improved, labour is minimized, and fuel consumption is reduced. It also had the similar speed of emergence and plant population. Furthermore no-tillage system requires less machinery inventory and it can also result in the similar or better soil properties and plant performance as compared with the conventional tillage. Previous discussion illustrated that no-tillage has many advantages; however, due to existing hardpan in soil from previous tillage practices as well as time required to condition the soil is a major obstacle to switch to no-tillage systems, especially in clay soil. The objectives of the paper were to investigate the effects of different tillage(sub-soiling tillage, conventional tillage and no-tillage)practices on: soil compaction, plant performance, and crop yields. The results showed that ST can reduce the soil compaction, decreased the topsoil moisture content in spring,increase the crop emergence, improved the yield. However, sub-soiling requires a high tractor power and high cost, one may perform sub-soiling only when it needs. While under the no-tillage systems, it has the advantage as following: No-tillage is beneficial for the straw incorporation on soil productivity. Standing stubble could reduce wind velocity in winter, which reduces the amount of drying. Therefore, greater standing straw results in higher soil moisture content of NT treatment. No-tillage has appropriate seeding depth and its uniformity also very good. No-tillage has very good crop emergence and higher crop yield than conventional tillage. Considering its low cost and comparative performance, no-tillage is a feasible tillage alternative and can be practiced in a heavy clay soil. Under the no-tillage system, time and labor is minimized, fuel consumption is reduced, yields are improved, and soil moisture is conserved. Furthermore, no-tillage has many other advantages such as controlling wind and water erosion, increasing soil organic matter and promoting biological activities in soil. However, the long-term benefit can not be achieved if producers see the system works in a short term...