Effects Of Cultivating Measures On Grain Yield And Quality In Strong Gluten Wheat

The effects of nitrogen application, irrigation, sowing date and plant density on nutritional and processing quality formation, and the relationship between carbon-nitrogen metabolism and grain quality of strong gluten wheat Suxu 2 and Yan 2801 (T. aestivum L.) were studied in Xuzhou and on the experimental field of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University in 2002 ~2004. The approaches coordinating grain yield and quality of strong gluten wheat were suggested. The main results were as follows:1. Grain protein content of strong gluten wheat showed a "high-low-high" change. Grain albumin and globulin contents were high at early grain filling stage, then decreased gradually until maturity, while gliadin and glutenin contents kept increasing after anthesis. Under the same nitrogen application amount, increasing topdressing N ratio at late stage could significantly increase gliadin, glutenin and total protein contents at middle and late filling stages, while had little effect on albumin and globulin contents at maturity.2.The content and accumulation dynamics of starch in grains showed an ever-increasing change, while starch accumulation rate showed a parabolic change. When topdressing N at middle and late growth stages increased, the contents of amylose, amylopectin and starch in grains decreased, while the accumulation rate and amount increased, which resulted in high grain filling degree and weight.3. Nitrogen content in plants of Suxu 2 reached its peak at the beginning of over-wintering stage, then decreased gradually with the growth and development. Soluble sugar content was high at early over-wintering stage, booting to anthesis period, but was low at jointing stage. The change of C/N ratio was similar to that of soluble sugar. At elongation, booting and maturity stages, soluble sugar content and C/N ratio in plants had a significant correlation with grain starch content. At booting, anthesis and maturity stages, nitrogen content in plants was significantly positively correlated with grain protein content. Nitrogen accumulation amount in plants at booting, anthesis and maturity stages was positively correlated with grain yield, wet gluten content and protein content. With the increasing of topdressing N ratio at late stage, soluble sugarcontent and C/N ratio at middle and late growth stages decreased, but nitrogen content in plants at late growth stage increased. The application of phosphorus and potassium would favor the absorption of nitrogen, and promote the transport of nitrogen in plants to grains at late stage.4.Raising topdressing N ratio properly after elongation stage could increase earing percentage, the number of grains per ear, and 1000-grain weight, which resulted in high grain yield, meanwhile, protein content could be increased and processing quality could be improved. With the postponing of nitrogen topdressing, amylose content, the ratio of amylose to total starch, and amylose/amylopectin ratio increased, while amylopectin and total starch contents would gradually decrease. According to the experiment, to coordinate high grain yield and good quality for Suxu 2, the suitable ratio of basis: tillering : elongation : booting N was 5:1:2:2.5.Under the condition of N being applied, applying P and K could increase grain yield, protein and its component contents, protein yield, wet and dry gluten contents, amylose content, and improve processing quality, but decrease amylopectin and starch contents. The suitable N:P2Os:K2O ratio for Suxu 2 was 1:0.6:06, which could result in high grain yield and good quality.6.Sowing date could significantly affect grain yield. Sowing on ideal date could lead to high yield. The later the sowing date was, the more the grain yield decreased. Sowing on 29th Septembers to 2nd October in Xuzhou for Suxu 2 could get a grain yield of 8000 kg/ha with protein content of 15%.7.Plant density could significantly change grain yield and protein content, but had little effect on processing quality. The suitable pant density in Xuzhou...