Geographic Variation And Its Molecular Basis Of Schima Superba

Schima superba is an effective biological fire-resistance and good wood species inSouth China. Provenance trails including 36 seed sources from Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi,Fujian, Hulan, Guangxi andGuangdong adding up to 7 provinces, located at Chun'ancity of Zhejiang and Jianou city of Fujian, was used to study geographic differentiationand geographic variation pattern for main growth and ecology(fire-resistance)characteristics. Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Schima superb frommain natural range was analyzed by using RAPD markers , Provenance zone wasregionalized based on the Nei's unbiased genetic distance. The result of provenance trails located at Chun'an city of Zhejiang and Jianou cityof Fujian indicated that there existed significant differences among provenances forgrowth character(height and diameter) , leaf character (number, width, thickness)androot trait().And there was also significant differences among provenance or provenancezones for the biomass of one plant or organs, but the difference of the proportionbetween crown and root was very small and mainly came from provenances not fromprovenance zones. Simulating with logistic equation, there also existed significantdifferences for 4 very important growth parameter of maximum total growth,maximum growth rate, total liner growth, and liner growth duration. The result of correlation analysis between growth traits and geographic factorindicated that a classical latitude clinal variation pattern was found for seedling height,leaf character and tender leaf color in late autumn . And significant negative correlationalso be founded between the biomass of one plant or organs and the latitude, but therewas no significant correlation and geographic variation pattern for the proportionbetween crown and root. The northern provenances parameters of maximum totalgrowth, maximum growth rate and total liner growth were much larger comparing withthe northern provenances. And the local temperature of seed sources was the mainclimatic factor which led to the variation pattern. IIIIn fire period time , there were significant differences among provenances formain fire assist or resistant component of fresh leaf, and a classical latitude clinalvariation pattern was found for water content ,lignin content, ash content, crudefattiness , benzene-ethanol extractive content, furthermore lignin content and crudefattiness also relate to the longitude. Comparing with the northern provenances , therewere more resistant component content (water content, ash content)and less assistcomponent(crude fattiness , benzene-ethanol extractive content).The lignin contentbelonged to fire resistant component but had heavy heat value when firing and itsvariation pattern was different from water and content. ash content too. There existed a high degree of genetic diversity for S. superba. Mean expectedheterozygosity was 0.2568 (ranged from 0.1988 to 0.3041) which surpassed theestimates of most coniferous and broadleaves species. Genetic diversities ofprovenances were significantly and negatively related to the latitudes of the seedsources. Provenances from the southern have higher genetic diversities, compared withthe northern provenances. The natural distribution area about at latitude 25°N shouldcould be the central distribution zones of S. superba. Recommended for seedling height,10 superior provenances were selected and these provenances almost came from thenatural distribution area about at latitude 25°N. Based on the Nei's unbiased genetic distance, the whole natural range of S. superbamight be obviously divided into North verge provenance zone (the south of Anhuiprovince and the north of Zhejiang province), Middle provenance zone (the north ofNanling mountain and south of Zhejiang province) and South provenance zone (thesouth of Nanling mountain), while the Middle pr...