Analysis Of Genetics On Four Kernel Traits In Normal Maize (Zea Mays L.)

In the study the material were 6 inbred lines which were obvious diversity in kernel traits, such as kernel length, kernle desity, helling percentage etc. According to 6 generation genetic mating design, we had made genetic mechanism researches on four characters, such as kernel length, kernel desity, HKWI, and helling percentage, with combing quantitative-character genetic analyzing methods such as 6 generation mean analysis, 6 generation genetic variance analysis, and 6 generation joint analysis. The main results are followed.(1)According to the result of 6 generation mean analysis and 6 generation genetic variance analysis, we found that 4 kernel traits didn't accord with additive-domiance genetic model, and exited epistasis effect. It was obvious exit additive effect and domiance effect. The values of additive effect of kernel length were negative in most generation, other kernel traits were positive in most generation. The values of domiance effect of 4 kernel traits were positive, and larger than additive effect. The values of epistasis effect were diversity because of different materials. The heritability in broad sense of 4 kernel traits was high, but the heritability in narrow sense of 4 kernel traits was diversity in different materials. Helling percentage was super-dominant, other kernel traits were additive, but kernel desity and HKWI were near to daominant.(2)According to 6 generation joint analysis result,. The most suitable genetic model of 4 kernel traits was two-major gene inheritance model in most generation execpt of kernel desity. The values of additive effect were negative ,but the domiance effect were positive of the two major gene in kernel length and HKWI. The values of 1 effect and i effect were negative, and more important than jab effect and jba effect., positive. In polygene, the values of additive effect and domiance effect were negative, and larger than additive. It was important to be 3 epistasis effects. The values of [i] effect was negative, but [j] effect and [1] effect were positive. The values of additive effect and domiance effect were negative, and domiance effect was larger than additive effect. In addition, it was diversity about major gene heritability of 3 kernel traits in different generations of different combinations, from 80% to 10%, but looking totally, the majorgene heritability of kernel length was lower than HKW1 and helling percentage. The polygene heritability of 4 kernel traits were diversity in different generation of different combinations, too. The function of the polygene heritability was more important than the major heritability in kernel length, on the contrary, the function of the major heritability was more important than polygene heritability in other 2 kernel traits.(3)Comparing the genetic characters of 4 kernel traits in different combinations. We found that the genotype of 4 kernel traits was diversity in different heredity backgrounds, and follow any regulation. From the 6 generation mean analysis and the 6 generation genetic variance analysis, the mainly diversity was function and degree of additive effect, exiting epistasis effect or not, function and degree of epistasis effect, and size of gene heritability, etc. From the 6 generation joint analysis, the mainly diversity was exiting major gene, quantity of the major gene, function and degree of additive effect and domiance effect in major gene, and function and degree of epistasis effect in polygene, etc.(4)According to the genetic characters of 4 kernel traits,. Selecting the parents is availabe, but the base population must to be eminent. Selecting second cycle lines is a good way to select eminent inbred lines about kernel traits. Some kernel traits such as kernel length, HKWI, and helling percentage, should be individual selection in lower generations, but the stand of selection must be looseness adequately. Kernel desity should be bulk selection in higher generations, but the stand of selection must be looseness. For improved inbred lines, some kernel traits such as kernel length,...