Study On The Peel Anatomy And Physiological Index Of Fruit Cracking In Red Fuji Apple

The main apple variety Fuji apple was studied in this experiment. Microstructure such as the size of epidermal cell, thickness of keratose layer and some physio-chemical properties such as water content, soluble sugar, protopectin, water-soluble pectin, mineral nutrition in the fruit peel and water content, mineral nutrition in the soil were measured fore-and-aft fruit-cracking in Beizhang and Tianhuyu orchards. The main results were asfollows:1. The occuring time and percentage of fruit-cracking were different in two different orchards. In Beizhang orchard of Baoding, The fruit-cracking happened about 100 DAFB to 132 DAFB and the cracking percentage was 92% for the bagged apple; For the nobagged apple fruit-cracking occurred at 121 DAFB, However in the Tianhuyu orchard of Shijiazhuang, the cracking percentage was very low, only 5%and 3%, at 121 DAFB for both bagged and nobagged apple.2. From 79 DAFB to 172 DAFB, the keratose layers of stalk cavity, middle and calyx-end of Tianhuyu were thicker than those of Beizhang. The sizes of epidermal cell of stalk cavity, middle and calyx-end for nobagged Fuji apple in both orchards were bigger than those of bagged apple. At 172 DAFB, the keratose layers of the same three sections for the bagged and nobagged apple of Tianhuyu were thicker than those of Berzhang by 19.28%, 11.08%, 13.23%, 13.50%, 14.12%, 4.90%, respectively . The sizes of epidermal cell of stalk cavity, middle and calyx-end for bagged apple were bigger than those of nobagged apple of the same three sections by 9.05%, 17.72%, 12.58%, 14.60%, 14.60%, 21.52%, respectively.3. The change trend of water contents for the bagged or nobagged apple peel in both orchards was the same from 79 DAFB to 172 DAFB. It came to the lowest point at 110 DAFB for the bagged apple, however, the adverse condition happened for the nobagged apple.4. From 79 DAFB to 172 DAFB, The change trends of soluble sugar contents of stalk cavity, middle and calyx-end of the apple peel in both orchards were bascially the same. The contents assended with the maturating of the apple. The soluble sugar content ofstalk cavity, middle and calyx-end of Beizhang were higher than those of Tianhuyu, Nobagged higher bagged. And, in Beizhang, the soluble sugar contens of stalk cavity, middle and calyx-end ascende quickly from 121 DAFB to 131 DAFB by 54.87%, 57.94%, 46.97%.5. From 79 DAFB 172 DAFB, the changes of protopectin contents of stalk cavity, middle and calyx-end in both orchards were the same bascially. The contents ascended to a high point at 121 DAFB and descended subsequently. The apple peel protopectin contents of Beizhang were higher than those of Tianhuyu, nobagged higher bagged. And, During 121 DAFB to 131 DAFB, The protopectin contents of bagged apple in Beizhang descended quickly by 18.16%, 32.16%, 40.13%, respectively.6. From 79 DAFB to 131 DAFB, the P and Mg contents of peel in both orchards had no obvious difference. The K contents of bagged apple peel in both orchards had also no obvious difference, but higher than those of nobagged of Beizhang. The Ca contents of nobagged in Beizhang were higher than bagged apple, but lower than those of nobagged apple in Tianhuyu. The Zn contents of bagged apple in both orhards had no obvious difference, but higher than those of nobagged appple of Beizhang.7. From 79 DAFB to 131 DAFB, the Cu and Mn contents of soil at Bei zhang were higher than that of Tian huyu; the Fe contents was lower than that of Tian huyu.