The Breeding Of Polyploid Tomato Cultivars With Few Seeds And Solid Characteristics

Thirteen cultivars of tomato were treated using L.D.Cau. means with 0.2% colchicine solution. Many variant plants of all cultivars were got. We surveyed and researched the mutations of this variant plants by morphology and cytology methods, and found that there were some real polyploid plants in variant plants of every cultivars. Meanwhile, we regarded the few seeds and solid characteristics as objective characteristics of breeding new cultivars. We hope to get good-quality polyploid tomato cultivars with few seeds and solid characteristics. The experimental results are conclude as follows:(1) Obvious changes have taken place on the induced plants. In comparison with normal plants, variant plants expressed the follow features: the growing is checked. The leaves appear to be darken green and become thick than that of diploid. The leaf shape index becomes smaller. The flowers become larger. The stomatal cell is larger and the number of stomata in a unit area of leaf in variant plants sharply reduced. The number of chloroplast in stomata is increased. The number of pollen is increased and the pollen viability is decreased.(2) We investigated the fruit characteristics. The plant lines were selected that they have some good-quality characteristics including of the thick pulp, few seeds and big placenta. And we calculated the chromosome number of this plant lines. At last, the experiment got polyploid tomato with few seeds and solid characteristics of seven tomato cultivars, which cultivars have big fruit. ZhongShu No.6 01-1 has been breed for two years and Shu Ye 00-6 has been breed for three years. These two pure lines have had the stability good-quality characteristics and the chromosome number. ZhongShu No.6 01-1 and ShuYe 00-6 will be taken further steps to breed good-quality cultivars.