The Genetic Diversity Of Spring Sowing Soybean In Northern China

Genetic diversity is the core of biodiversity. Generally speaking, genetic diversity is the total variation of all the lives in the earth as well as in narrow sense it is the genetic variation of a species. The genetic diversity is the base for crop genetic improvement, researches on which will have important effects on the conservation, evaluation and utilization of crop germplasm.Being one of the seven Glycine max groups , spring sowing soybean in northern China has 3575 germplasm,as 15.2 percents of all Glycine max germplasms in China. This experiment studied the genetic diversity of the spring sowing soybean in northern China through both morphological and molecular level. The main results are as follow:1 The representative of the samples were tested by both qualitative and quantitative traits. In contrast to the whole spring sowing germplasm, the results showed that the morphological proportion preserved and frequency distribution of the 9 qualitative traits didn't have significant difference. In the 5 quantitative traits, except the mean of growth duration, the means and variance of other traits had no significant difference with whole collections.2 At Genetic distance of 0.196,we can classify the samples into three large groups. The clustering result showed that the origin, seed weight and seed color were the major traits for differentiation of different samples. The coincidence of variation range of the most traits was more than 70%. The sample could well represent the genetic diversity of the whole collection. The SSR data showed that the 60 primers could amplify 525 alleles. The genetic diversity indexes of Simpson and Shannon-Weaver were 0.7020 and 1.5683, respectively. It showed that the genetic diversity of spring sowing soybean in northern China was very high.3 The genetic diversity was different for different linkage groups. In the 20 linkage groups, the Dlb+w linkage group had the highest genetic diversity, however Dla+Q linkage group had the lowest ,which suggested that the stability was different for different linkage group.4 Based on the data of morphological and molecular analysis, the samples of Shanxi province had the highest genetic diversity. It was also proved that Shanxi province may be one of the origins of Glycine max.5 The landrace varieties had a higher genetic diversity than elite cultivars. But the trend was different for different morphological traits.