| In order to get pure lines of Dianthus Chinese for production of F1 seeds that meet the needs of breeding aim. seven commercial F1 hybrid pink cultivars and a series of mixed seeds were used as materials by the pedigree way and anther culture. Selection of inbred lines by pedigree method1. More than 100 individual plants of different generations were obtained by isolation and artificial pollination. There were 73 S3 lines among the different series of H-44-1, H-44-2, H-44-3. H-56-1, H-58-1. H-58-2, H-58-9, H-68-1, H-94-1. H-102-1, wh-14-8. wh-14-16, wh-14-17. In addition, there were more than 60 S2 lines among the different series of H-59. H-67, H-69. H-82, H-103, P1-1, P1-2, P1-3.2. Biology of flowering was observed and analyzed. The period of highest pollen vitality in a day lies between 10 am to 13 pm, and the flowering time when the pollens just disperse made the highest vitality. Experiment on the factors that affecting pollen germination shows that sugar with 30% and boric acid with 0.01% was the best combination, and significant differences among the various concentrations of sugar and boric acid and their interaction were demonstrated.3. Some analysis and study on heredity laws. The study on the traits of mixed lines showed the CV of leaf shape, plant crown, plant height was higher than that of others. The analysis on 13 characters of different cultivars were: There were negative correlation between flower diameter and stem diameter and high positive correlations between flower number in bloom and ramify numbers or stem diameter, and the correlations above were all significant. Flower diameter and filament length showed the negative correlation with very significant difference but flower numbers in bloom and ovary length showed negative correlation with significant difference. Positive correlation was demonstrated between flower numbers in bloom and stem diameter with different level of 0.05. High correlations were also showed between leaf length and leaf width of the top and base leaves, both with significant differences.The anther culture1. The selection of induction medium. MS medium was the best one when the microspores in late uninucleate or early binucleate stage were inoculated in the differentmedia. MS+2, 4-D2.0mg/L+BAP1.0mg/L with 3% sugar supplement yielded highest callus induced ratio among the different cultivars.2. The experiment on the differentiated medium. The aqua compact granula-like callus were obtained on induced medium MS+8% sugar+2,4-D 2mg/L+ BAP 1 mg/L, and the callus showed the most potential on the differentiated medium MS+6-BA2.0mg/ L+NAAO.lmg/L. 2,4-D was demonstrated unsuitable for differentiation. Supplement of TDZ and different times of low temperature treatment on subculture callus was both inefficient for differentiated ratio.3. Proliferation and rooting medium. MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L was a better proliferation medium. Rooting medium was l/2MS+NAA0.1mg/L or 1/2MS +NAA0.2mg/L.4. Ploidy identification of plantlets. Among the 16 plantlets from anther culture, 7 and 8 plantlets were identified as diploid and tetraploid respectively, one was a chimera.
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