Studies On The Pollination And Fertillization Biology Of Iris Bloudowii

In this thesis, We selected Iris bloudwii as the material to study, which distribute in the grassland near the Yiwu war-horse scene of Kami Balikun county, We caught some about its biological characters, the growth and development of the shoots, megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis, the male and female gametophyte, the factors which relative with the vigor of pollen, the course of double fertilization, the growth of pollen tube and the cross-fertilize breeding of different species with the aid of paraffin techniques ,fluorescience and anatomy. The main results of this paper are asfollows:l.Iris bloudwii is perennial with tuber or stock. It only distributes in Xinjiang in China.2.The development of the anther wall follows the dicotyledonous type. Cyokinesis in the microspore mother cell is of the successive type. The arrangement of microspore in tetrade is tetrahedral. Mature pollen grain is of the 2-celled type.3.The ovary is tricarpellate and three-room. Its placenta belongs to central axis. The mature ovules are anatropous, bitegmic and crassimecellate.4.The development of the embryo sac follows the polygonum type of monosporic embryo sac,5.The test of pollen vigor shows that the vigor of pollen is relatives to two factors, the flower opening time and the stockpile time. The higher of the vigor, the shorter after the opening time, the vigor of pollen fall to about 6 percent about ten hours after the opening time. Otherwise, with the prolonging of stockpiling, the vigor of pollen descending, the vigor of pollen heavily lost when stockpiles 32 hours.6.Pollenation and fertilization biology: Iris bloudowii has unfertilized while self-hybrid, and the quantity of seeds has heavily remarkable difference if fertilized in different time. A.M. 12:00 is the best time for fertilization.1 .Iris bloudowii has the character of dichogamous, ovary evidently developed into mature 8-nuclear embryo sac after 2 days of pollinating.8.Pollen germinates after fertilization, forms pollen tube and reaches ovary, then gives out sperms, thus the double fertilization finish, the course needs 47-49 hours.9.We did experience in cross-hybrid breeding between species and varieties in Iris, and had 40 combinations, 14 of them had seeds. Primarily knows that Iris ensata thunb is a good cross-hybrid species, Primarily studies the ability in hybrid of Iris. And look the seed quantity of single fruit as the standard.