Studies On Biological Characteristics Of Flowering And Fruiting Of Phyllanthus Emblica

The dissertation have been made on the flowering phenology and fruiting characteristics of some main varieties and breeding material of Phyllanthus emblica. The results indicate: the flowering phenology among the varieties and breeding material of P. emblica is significantly different. And the flowering phenology is correlated with altitude, planting management and the position of flower. Analysed flowering synchronization indices give the basis for planting design of varieties in establishing fruit orchard. The study illustrate that the P.emblica has special characteristics that many time's indeterminate shoots, branchlets and fruiting will develop on the same node of indeterminate shoots. The indeterminate shoots distribute on horizontal direction more equally than longitudinal direction in tree canopy. The distribution pattern of males and female flowers on branchlet are correlated with variety and ages of indeterminate shoots. With increment of age of tree, female flowers distribution becomes lower equality, but males flower distribution still equal. The pollen growth showed parabola model after germination. The viability of pollen keep longer in the conditions of lower temperature and more drying conditions. The fruit distribution on tree canopy relates to the distribution of branchlet and females. The behaviors of cluster of fruit andratios of fruit set were affected by trait of variety and less correlation with the age of indeterminate shoots. The growth curve of shape and weight of fruit show the model of "S" growth type obviously. The fresh TSS change trend among varieties are similitude during the proceeding of fruit development. The change of vitamin C of fruit have more correlation with the that of fruit tannin. With the 11 indices of flowering phenology and fruiting characteristics screened out, all of varieties and breeding materials are divided into two classes, namely group one(G1) including the varieties with and the big fruits and group two(G2) including that with middle or small fruits.