RAPD Analysis And Morphological Comparison Of Several Wine Grape Varieties

Fangmei ZuoCollege of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural UniversityCabernet Gernischet is one of the most important redberry wine grapes in China. It is famous with Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc. But its origin is a controversial question. Fourteen wine grape varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc,Merlot, Cot,Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot family and Riesling B,Riesling Italian and other varieties were studied using RAPD technique to identify the identity of Cabernet Gernischet. Cabernet Gernischet is widely cultivated in China and have several phenotypes. Three different kinds of Cabernet Gernischet were studied also using RAPD techniques. We also compare the morphological difference of different Cabernet Gernischet as well as Cabernet Gernischet and other varieties those have close relations with Cabernet Gernischet. The results are as follows:â… . For each grape varietiy, genome DNA was isolated from fresh leaves using CTAB methods. DNA sample extracted by this method was of good quality. The CTAB method was simple and efficient. Conditions of RAPD reactions was optimized and RAPD reaction system was obtained that was suitable for grapevines and could amplify bands of good repetition and stablization.â…¡. Thirty-six primers were used for amplification of fourteen varieties. 14 primers which could amplify stable and polymorphic RAPD bands were selected for RAPD analysis. The 14 primers amplified 137 bands totally among 14 varieties with average of 9.8 bands per primer. And of these 137 bands 98(71.5%) were polymorphic in the varieties with an average of 7bands per primer.â…¢.Genetic distances were calculated using Euclidean distance method. Genetic distances vary between 3.32 and 7.48. Distance between Merlot and Cabernet Franc is the most nearest( 3.32). On the contrary, distance between Cabernet Gernischet and Pinot N is the most farest(7.48). Tree diagram was constructed based on Euclidean distance matrix using UPGMA (unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average) cluster analysis. It was showed on the dendrogram that 14 varieties belong to four groups: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Cabernet Gernischet formed one group; Pinot N, Pinot B, and Chardonny , Riesling B, Riesling , Chenin B and Syrah formed second group; Sauvignon Blanc and Carignan formed third group; Cot formed fourth group.â…£. It could be found through distance matrix and dentrogram that there was distinct difference between Cabernet Sauvignon and other varieties in genes. It was easy for 14 primers to distinguish Cabernet Gernischet out. The varieties those have close relations with Cabernet Gernischet were Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon in turn.â…¤. There was difference among the three phenotypes of Cabernet Gernischet in genes by RAPD analysis, but genetic difference among Cabernet Gernischet is not distinctive as among Cabernet and other varieties.â…¥. Morphological comparison of Cabernet Gernischet and other varieties showed the difference in new growth, floss, slit chisel ,petiolus,serrature and so on ,as well as of different Cabernet Gernischet. Besides, difference in leaf parameters existed among them. The difference in morphology and leaf parameters supported the results of RAPD.â…¦. The origin of Cabernet Gernischet was discussed. Cabernet Gernischet was considered an independent variety and belonging to Cabernet family. Before introduced to Yantai Cabernet Gernischet might bea somaclone mutant (more than one) of Cabernet family and not be named and spreaded officially.