| Cornus officinalis Sieb et.Zucc belongs to cornel genus and cornel family.and it’s d ry fruit used to be tralditional chinese medicine (TCM), and it is one kind of bulk TCM. We have a survey about the quantitative and qualitative traits of cornus on the main dist ribution, include shannxi, shanxi, henan, hubei, anhui, zhejiang et, al. We divided the n atural variation types, carried on the correlation and path analysis of the agronomic trait s, aimed to make a guidance to screen and breed the excellent provenance, detect the pol yphenols and oil content of different part of cornus, aimed to provides the theory baisis for the development and utilization of cornus. Finally we have a patial interpolation anal ysis for the diseases and insect pests distribution, and map the prediction of4kind them. The results are as follows:(1)We divided the cornus to26types based on the shape and the peasants, describe the characteristics of them, and divided3types based on the leaf shape,5types based o n the color of fruit.(2)9drupe and seed characters, the pulp production ratio, the fresh weight, length, diameter, shape coefficient of fruit, and weight, length, diameter, shape coefficient of s eed from65germplasms in3main sources of cornus were determined for correlation an alysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis. Results show that correla tion analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlation between pulp pro duction ratio and the fresh weight of fruit, and weight, length, diameter, shape coefficie nt of seed. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the fresh weight of fruit, w eight, length shape coefficient of seed were the main factors that affected the pulp produ ction ratio. Path analysis showed that the fresh weight of fruit and shape coefficient of s eed had a direct positive effect on the pulp production ratio, and weight, length of seed h ad a direct negative effect on the pulp production ratio. Conclusion:The traits, such as h eavy drupe, low shape coefficient of seed, and light seed could be selected for the breedi ng and high pulp production ratio of Cornus officinalis.(3) The process of selective breeding was four rounds. It began with forward select ion based on the resources survey; Secondly, the primary selection was through3years of continuous observation; Thirdly, to check the primary selection and make sure the ex cellent cultivation; Lastly, to carried out the varieties comparison test and the reginal ex periment by grafting breeding techniques and select the superior clones. Result shows th at Qinfeng are of large fruit, bright red, cylindrical; average of Qingfeng fruit length wa s about1.91cm, diameter was about0.96cm,100-fresh weight was136.OOg; average of Qinfeng seed length was about1.46cm, diameter was about0.51cm,1000-seed weight was168.00g, the ratio of medicine was about22.1%.The average content of loganin, urs olic acid, oleanolic acid was up to0.721%,0.156%and0.067%, the content of logani n was higher than the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia in the2010edition. Qinyu are of large fruit, red, average of Qinyu fruit length was about1.94cm, diameter was about1.06cm,100-fresh weight was135.OOg; average of Qinyu seed length was about1.58c m, diameter was about0.56cm,1000-seed weight was174.00g, the ratio of medicine wa s about21.2%.The average content of loganin, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid was up to0.788%,0.158%and0.066%, the content of loganin was higher than the standard of Chin ese Pharmacopoeia in the2010edition. So Qinfeng and Qinyu were high yield, high act ive ingredients,high resistance to disease and effective cultivar and need to establish de monstration base of high yield and good quality and further to expand the area of Qinfe ng and Qinyu cultivar.(4)Folin-Ciocalteus (FC) method, NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH method and Vanilli n-sulfuric acid method were used to detect the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and p roanthocyanidin, which distributed in the3part of cornus dry fruit, leaf, and stones, we choosed gallic acid, rutin, and catechin as the reference substances. The results showed t hat there were differencial composition in the3different part. stones>leaf>fruit,23.01%>9.44%>5.29%for the total polyphenols, stones>leaf>fruit,5.64%>3.93%>3.64%for t he total flavonoids,and fruit>leaf,0.51%>0.05%for the total proanthocyanidin,proantho cyanidin was not detected in the stones.Which provides the theory baisis for the develop ment and utilization of cornus.(5)The oil contents of the neutral lipid and polar lipid of36Cornus officinalis seed were determined, and the fatty acid composition of the neutral lipid and polar lipid wer e analyzed by GC-MS. The results indicated that:the oil content of neutral lipid was bet ween30%and40%, and the average was33.1%; the oil content of polar lipid was betw een5%and15%, and the average was11.7%; Cornus officinalis seed oils were mainly composed of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. The content of lino liec of neutral lipid ranged from56.26%and69.37%, the average was62.56%; the co ntent of oleic acid of neutral lipid ranged from18.39%and27.41%, the average was23.40%; the content of palmitic acid of neutral lipid ranged from5.36%and8.19%%, t he average was6.66%, the content of stearic acid of neutral lipid ranged from1.38%a nd5.88%, the average was3.09%; the content of acid oleic acid of neutral lipid range d from44.3and69.8%, the average was60.9%, the content of linoliec of neutral lipid ranged from10.71%and22.49%, the average was15.92%, the content of palmitic ac id of neutral lipid ranged from4.15%and12.57%, the average was7.05%, the conten t of stearic acid of neutral lipid ranged from1.19%and6.46%, the average was3.06%. Through comprehensive analysis, the cornus officinalis seed oil could be noval oil plant resourse.(6)Analysed on the survey of diseases and pests in the main distribution by Inverse Distance Weighting method. The results shows that the most serious areas of Asiacarpo srina pest is henan and hubei province, then is shaanxi and anhui, and last is zhejiang an d shanxi. It seems that spread from henan and hubei to left areas. The most serious areas of Culcula pest is zhejiang and anhui. It seems that spread from them to left areas. The2diseases have the most serious areas in every province and spread to left areas. That sh ows that the diseases and pests were threat to cornus, and it seems have the tendency of transmission. |
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