| The paper firstly presents that current railway freight capacity in China is still not able to meet daily increased freight transportation requirements although it has been increased greatly after many years of development. Demand for freight cars exclusively owned and used by enterprises is increasing day by day. It later summarizes the necessity to develop special freight cars of 75t loading capacity for transportation of iron ore and steel products.The paper covers an overview of development history of railway general purpose gondola car in China from foundation of PRC to 21st century, introducing main structures, parameters and issues of different staple gondola cars in different ages, development of new materials, new process, and new technology and improvement of bogie, brake, coupler and draft gear and other components of freight cars in China.In the paper, a different design mode from traditional one by comparison is introduced, where various main parameters and structures are compared and the optimum is chosen to improve car body structure based on study on customer's requirements. CAD is used in optimization and in determination of design. Analysis and calculation results on FEA static strength and dynamic performance are detailed in the paper, which provide theoretical evidence in optimization of structure and finalization of design.In last section of the paper, method, procedure and results of static strength test and dynamic performance test are described and compared with calculation results. Hence it is assured that the car be designed in scientific and reasonable way from calculation and test, resulting in improvement of car performance and service reliability.
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