Landscape And Ecological Design Of Water-accessible Embankment And Study On Its Hydraulic Characteristics

Being close to water is the human's instinct, so water-accessible embankment is researched here. With analysis of human production and living demands for embankment's function and its historical development, the development direction of embankment is proposed: to pay synthetical attention to defence against natural disaster, the transportation, the traveling, the entertainment, the landscape, the ecology, the cultural value and so on, which is named multi-function ecological water- accessible embankment. Through the inspection and study on massive examples about ecological water- accessible embankment's construction, the landscape and ecological design idea and principle of water- accessible embankment are summarized and improved in this paper.Defence against natural disaster is the water- accessible embankment's basic function, and its main defence target is the destructive effects of water, such as waves, currents, storm surges and so on. So the hydraulic characteristics related to water- accessible embankment is studied, and the water- accessible embankment's plane shape and cross-section design is considered from the research of the water along the border. Then the present main water-power protective means of water-accessible embankment are summarized in such aspects as follows: existing armor forms, common armor units, improvement of embankment cross-section for decreasing wave energy, and application of some assistant measures like spur dyke and submerged dyke. Furthermore, the primary influence factors on embankment's protection function are discussed from exterior environmental factors, structural styles, frontal submerged embankment's location, wave setup and overtopping and so on. Hope the work can provide some valuable information for reasonable embankment design.Finally based on calculation results, two hydraulic problems encountered in Binhai road's water- accessible embankment in Yantai are analysed. First, take the natural fountain in the water- accessible embankment for example, through some hydraulic computations, the spurting principle, the spurting phenomenons and the influence factors of the spurting height are explained. The results show that the spurting height depends synthetically on such factors as the altitude of conduit entrance and spout above, still water level, wave parameters, wind velocity, conduit shape, shore structures and so forth. Then, according to the physical model test of the breakwater in front of the yacht wharf in Binhai road, the NEWFLUME wave numerical model is used here to obtain the wave forces in front of both vertical and arc wave screens, and with the comparison of the stress on the two kinds of wave screens, the hydraulic characteristics of arc wave screen are discussed. The calculation results show that the maximal wave pressure on arc wave screen is obtained in the arc part while it is near the still water level for vertical screen, and the former is bigger than the later. Hence, both the structure integral stability and the local stability of the arc part should be considered during the design period of arc wave screen and even in its serviceable life.