The Analysis Of Human Factors During Violation Operation Flights By Civil Aviation Pilots

Safety, the foundation of civil aviation development, is permanent point of civil aviation. The results of lots of flight accidents show that 60% to 80% of them are caused by human factors. Violation operation is a key issue among them. The activities of the pilots' violation operation is only a surface symptom during these accidents and potential accident signs. Behind the activities, there are special internal psychological activities and relative human factors which cause violation operation. Pilots are the core group in this special industry, and we should strengthen the research on human factors during the pilots' violation operation flight. This will help to make out the targeted preventive methods and reduce the artificial mistakes. We should deal with the important issue which guarantees civil aviation flight safety nowadays.Led by psychological principle and research methods, we make use of references and start from the pilots' mistake analysis. By using questionnaires, interviews and statistics, we start research from civil aviation pilots' violation operation flight accidents themselves and write down "voluntary report forms of violation operation accidents" which study and research on 253 airline pilots and pilot students. Through these, we analyze and conclude the main performance of civil aviation pilots' violation operation. Classify them from the side of human factors, segregate the major human factors, and make up targeted methods to prevent and control violation operation flight.It is found by research that violation operation flight has the following performance: the misplay and violation operation activities of airline pilots are mainly from unstable approach and departure altitude, while pilot students are mainly because of departure altitude, flight conflict and approach failure. Visibility limitation is the major whether factor to influence airline pilots and pilot students during flight. The next factor is the crosswind. Most accidents happen when the day visibility is limited. When accidents happened, airline pilots use the standard entrance and departure while pilot students visual approach. Whether who he is, usually, the accidents happened in the stage of approach.We find the following human factors in violation operation flight: airline pilots have situational consciousness problems, for example, attention distraction, lack of supervision and decrease of alert, while pilot students have problems like shortage of thrust sense and weak sense in flight model. Both these two kinds of pilots have weak sense of vertical position. Among individual performance factors, the major ones to inspire the misplays are gusty events, company management pressure, overlarge of traffic density and bad air route structure. Many persons report that fatigue and heavy career pressure push them to make mistakes. The major procedure factors to arouse the airline pilots' violation operation activities are the followings: they can't carry out procedures in time; crew never use or ignore the software material like flight checklist; the hardware material like unreasonable cockpit display and manipulator composition will lead to misplays; the environmental factors like bad weather conditions, navigation facility, traffic density, and cooperation of persons involved in flight activities will influence the operation of judgment of crew and pilots; the cooperation and communication among crew members like bad mutual check, unwell work division and authorization, judgment mistakes, wicked plan and organization, and improper working orders will also function.Aiming at above factors, we design 23 targeted methods to prevent and control violation operation flight, for example, touch-and-go reinforcement, cross check, pilot student approach training, transitional instrument flight, good situational sense, approach stage training, human memory and checklist design principles training on pilots, attention distribution training, good sleep, thrust sense training, emotional stability and crew communication. Through these, we want to decline violation operation flight, and guarantee flight safety.