A Research On The Effects Of Scientific And Technological Advances On The Exploitation Of Water Resources In Shanxi Province

Water is the source of life and the essential part of the sustainable development of society. Ever since the 20^th century, resource crisis, particularly water resources crisis caused by human beings' exploitation of water resources, has raised concerns all over the world.Shanxi Province is one of the provinces greatly lacking in water resources in China. The amount of per capita provincial water resources is only 381 m³ on the average and merely reaches about 16.6% of the per capita amount of the national water resources. Now, water scarcity has become the bottleneck of Shanxi's economic development, thus how to realize the sustainable exploitation of water resources has become a major research topic in Shanxi Province. Here the thesis would try to blaze a new path to relieve the water resources crisis through probing the hydraulic exploitation in Shanxi province in the three ways, namely, technology, policy concerning the application and dissemination of the modern hydraulic technology, and the administrative management. At the same time, the thesis starts from the perspective of technological advancement, trying to propose some new ideas on how to relieve the supply-demand conflict of water resources, how to optimize its allocation and how to exploit and utilize the water resources in a sustainable way and jumping off the traditional engineering mode.The structure of the thesis is as following:Introduction: it contains the context and meaning of the dissertation and the study status on sustainable water resources at home and abroad. At the same time, it gives some research ways and methods. Though some innovations, the dissertation has limitations inevitably.Chapter 1: In this chapter, the author discusses the relationship between technology advancement and sustainable development and analyzes the relation of technological development and the sustainable exploitation of water resources. Besides, the chapter also expounds the importance of technology development on the exploitation of the water resources.Chapter 2: Chapter 2 explains briefly the situation, exploitation and the problems of water resources in Shanxi province, which is the premise of the dissertation.Chapter 3: Chapter 3 tries to analyze the cause and status quo of water resources crisis in Shanxi province, from the perspective of the technology advancement and the system improvement on the application and dissemination of technology. The author thinks the situation of water resources crisis results from multiple factors, such as the natural distribution, technological application and dissemination, and the technology advancement and system as well.Chapter 4:This chapter, considering the situation in Shanxi province, supplies some measures to solve the water resources crisis from three routes, such as technology route, system route on the technology application and dissemination and management route. On the route of technology, it gives a frame how to exploit the untraditional water resources, such as polluted water, by applying modern technology, and synchronously to seek new water sources by building new dams and reservoirs. The chapter also gives a systematic maneuverable conception on how to economize water technologically in the field of agriculture, industry and urban environment. On the policy route, the chapter gives some ideas, such as system of the land consolidation, system of water ownership, system of water price, system of technological innovation. On the management route, it suggests breaking old administrative mode, and incorporating the management of drainage area and water affairs.Conclusion: In this chapter, the whole thesis is summarized. It is concluded that among all factors related to the sustainable exploitation of water resources, science and technology is the determining factor and meanwhile, the influence of factors involving relative systems and administration has a direct relation with the advance of science and technology. Therefore, Shanxi's sustainable exploitation of water resources can only be realized with the help of the advance of science and technology on the condition that a suitable plan should be established on the basis of the optimal combination of all factors. Besides, limitations of this thesis are also presented in the hope of further research.