Concept Of Organic Development Based Landscape Planning Of Rural-urban Fringe

Urban-rural fringe has landscape of its own unique characteristics, which is different from the reinforced concrete city landscape, yet is different from rural landscape with small bridge and flowing stream. It is a composition of the urban and rural landscape which is rooted in the villages and affected by the city. The types of landscape in the region are diverse and the agricultural landscape is mainly urban agriculture, which is mostly the horticulture and agriculture-based facilities. Sections with better location and transportation are the main station of residential areas and various wholesale markets as well as the destination for urban citizens through newly built landscape or the countryside ornamental agriculture. Therefore, through the inter-action of the farmland, buildings and the natural environment, urban-rural fringe landscape demonstrates the harmony in factors of artificial and nature, architecture and the landscape, molded and natural, still demonstrates the co-existence of folk customs and modern culture simultaneously.Meanwhile, urban-rural fringe is a development-sensitive as well as ecologically vulnerable area, which is a transitional area from urban to rural characteristics in industrial, population structure and spatial structure. How to realize the sustainable development of economical, social and the environment, especially the improvement of the environmental quality and convergence of urban and rural landscape is a worthwhile viewpoint to explore. However, urban planning rarely involves the urban-rural fringe or only takes the layout of non staple food and vegetables into consideration, even with no landscape planning in this area and the problems of land abuse and environmental degradation is very serious, causing the irrationality of space structure of the whole urban-rural fringe. Thus, in order to improve the ecology and landscape of urban-rural fringe, reasonable, landscape planning in the region must be done at the first, compared with other areas of the city, the contradictions. conflict of interests in ecological development and social management are more acute and sensitive in urban-rural fringe, thus the landscape planning of the region is more special and complicated and is demanded much higher in skills. The landscape planning of urban-rural fringe has been attached great importance in many countries such as Germany, Czechoslovakia and the United States and so on, and considered synthetically with urban planning, which plays an important role in coordinating the special relationship of green space and rural land use and protecting and restoring the natural and ecological values of urban-rural fringe.The biggest characteristic of urban-rural fringe is the instability of spatial structure. The landscape structure and scope of it will change with the expansion of city, and gets complicated and diversified gradually in its direction and scope. Such changes are double-sided, that is, it could become the front land of human's invasion on environment for its low price along with the unlimited expansion, and finally be an area of natural landscape seriously destroyed. Yet, it also can be a guide for the orderly development of city and plays an important role in improving the environment of internal urban area and future new urban area. Obviously, a new method targeted at urban-rural fringe considering the development of urban and rural area. Under the current situation of rare study on the landscape planning of that area, the paper tries to find some theoretic factors from correlative subjects such as biology, ecology and architecture to apply them to urban-rural fringe landscape planning, then puts forward the way of planning: urban-rural fringe landscape planning based on the concept of organic development.Through the research of the essence in organism, the paper discovers that the basic reasons for the vitality, adaptation and the coexistence ability to the foreign environment of organism lie in two characteristics, that is, the integrity in structure of organism system and its organic develop along with the outside world. Integrity of organism guarantees an orderly and reasonable structure, and functional, and growth is the inevitable process of manifesting the vitality of organism and reproduction. The formation of these features follows some unchanging law of nature, making the body adaptable to changes of environment and reproductive. Contrary to the law, life would lose its vitality. Urban-rural fringe also has similar characteristics. As the specialty of its location, it is greatly affected by outside world, and the rapid speed of urbanization makes the area changeable, which means that the area have to adjust its own structure to adapt to the influence from the environment changes. However, as the severe human interference causes the destruction of its stability, there must be a reasonable guiding planning, and the planning must put a new method pointed at geographical peculiarity. As mentioned before, the existence law of organism determines that only when the organism is integral in structure and can grow, it can develop properly and adjust to the changing external environment. Therefore, extract the essence of activities of the organism and apply it to planning, to make its development adapt to environmental changes and sustainable development of landscape ecological effects, economic benefits possible.The paper studies separately on the urban-rural fringe landscape and characteristics of the organism to find some conjunction point between the two. Then, the paper applies the essence of development of organism to the theory of planning, and analyses the elements of landscape from a new angle. Furthermore, the paper sets forth growth planning focusing on the changeability of urban-rural fringe, to achieve the sustainable development of urban-rural fringe through the new planning system. Landscape planning based on the organic development break the limits of traditional specific landscape planning study, and proposes two general planning orientations, that is, integrality plan and growth plan. Integrality plan achieves the integrity of landscape through the three levels of appearance, structure and content, and makes further study on the way of complete planning through the division of landscape into strip landscape, facial landscape and village landscape and then through the integrality planning to create rational layout of space and realize the sustainable existence of geographical features and functions of the urban and rural landscape ecotone space. At the same time, through the elaboration of the growth planning of urban and rural areas in the space and time, growth planning settles the problem of landscape transition of urban-rural fringe under the influence of outside world. Growth plan in space seeks to achieve the proper conversion of various types of land-use with minimum consumption of resources and with no disruption to landscape. And the time growth planning is to make the planning perspective, and through the analysis and prediction of the landscape type and its conversion process in the past, present and the future, to promote and guide the development and landscape change.