| The optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used in fiber communication and sensors for its interference phenomenon, small size and compact structure. Because of the two optical beams in interferometer through two different optical paths, the interference may be influenced by instability of phase and polarization of the two optical beams. It made many study on Mach-Zehnder interferometer stopped in lab and hamper its application. So solving this problem is the key of Mach-Zehnder interferometer application. This article expatiate those studies as follows. In chapter two the theory of Mach-Zehnder interferometer is depicted. The influence of circumstance on Mach-Zehnder interferometer is analyzed too. In chapter three the structure and the key components of interference system is studied. In chapter four the study on phase compensation of Mach-Zehnder interferometer is depicted. Two phase compensation methods are introduced in this part. One is the tradition compensation method. This method can make the optical output stabilized on maximum or minimum. But this result is not our expectation. So a novel compensation method is put forward. The feasibility of this method is analyzed.
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