| As one important style of Chinese traditional architectures, folk dwellings were closely associated with people's living. Folk dwellings "embody, certainly the disciplinarian of live and development in different eras and different environment of different nations", and "reflect the conception and realistic condition of that times and that area in economy, culture, production, living, ethic, convention, religious belief, philosophy, aesthetics and so on."[Lu Yuanding,Chinese folk dwellings architecture(preface,first roll)]"The broad sense of culture is the total of all material wealth and spirit wealth that created by human beings. The narrow sense of culture focuses on the spirit production of language, literature, art and ideology." ( Encyclopedia of China) Cultural implication materially is "humanism", human adapts to, utilizes and cultivates the nature by practical activities of human, therefore, which embody the procedure of themselves' value concept. During the dissemination and development of culture, folk dwellings of the Hans everywhere showed many general characters, namely, showed many identical cultural thoughts and spirit essence.Hunan province is one of developed regions of ancient Chinese civilizations. Northeast(including Changsha,Liuyang,Yueyang) of Hunan province near Centre China, South China, on the verge of Changjiang River and Dongting Lake, has superior geographic place. The old Hans lived in these area, have inherited and developed many folk dwellings of big houses which still keep in that region, but which are known by few people. They are cultural production of Hunan, have very high research value, this is one reason of the topic selections of my study, too.The environment, space, construction and aesthetics of the big houses reflected a lot of characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture and culture, which reflected mainly in these aspects below.1.Theory depended mainly on Confucianism, Confucianism and Taoism complemented each other, impacted together.2.Site repair of folk dwellings are located either near hills or by a river, and its ideal environment was facing the sun.3.The environmental mode of the selection of folk dwellings architectures were attached mainly to Yin and Yang Opposites, Five elements(metal, wood, water, fire, earth), and Fengshui.4.The pattern of architecture paying more attention to axes' courtyard space.5. Abide by patriarchal clan and ethical system.6. Spacial artistic conception needs false or true coexistent, feeling blend with scenery.7. Decoration is attached to structure, which abound in aesthetic sentiment.8. Paying attention to thinking concept of sense.9. Living culture acting on esteem read, value teach, piety parents and seniority, respect friend.10. Study others' advantages.The traditional cultures that the folk dwellings of big houses of northeast of Hunan province reflect not only in these aspects, it is just these many cultures that affected the folk dwellings of big houses of northeast of Hunan province. By analyzing geographical environment, site repair, climate, historical evolution, traditional convention, space pattern, architectural technology, architectural style, architectural art, etc. This study discovers basically the original relationship between folk dwellings of big houses and traditional Chinese culture, and point out some basic principles and measures on the protection and rebuilding of traditional folk dwellings.This study is A Project Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department and Hunan University of Science and Technology: A Research on Agrestic Architecture of Northeast of Hunan (Province (the code is: 04C216) .Because it is my first time to study and write, lacking experience, manpower, financal aids, time and ability, many issues I have studied need to be researched further, so it is no more than one momentaneous achievement, I expect sincerely every teacher and specialist of the same field to give me some help instructively. |
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