| Large urban agglomerations represent concentrated areas in terms of population and economy and face potential risk due to natural disasters like earthquakes. Along with the worldwide urbanization and the continuous economic development, the power to resist earthquake disaster has been faint. People can not be conscious of the seriousness of the earthquake risk and build tower everywhere, so that the earthquake vulnerability of urban and regional systems increase with years. This paper discussed the physical and social factors that contribute to earthquake risk and estimated the expected earthquake loss.This paper has two sections. First, described urbanization continuing to increase had enhanced the urban earthquake risk and destructive earthquakes impacted on urban development; based on these introduced earthquake risk assessment methods and discussed all the factors that contribute to earthquake disaster risk-direct hazards, collateral hazards, exposure vulnerability, emergent recovery capability; identified simple, measurable, scalar indicators to represent each of the factors; adopted the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method to evaluate the urban earthquake risk. Take the six areas of HangZhou for instance, used this method to comprehensive compare their relative earthquake risk.Second, introduced earthquake loss estimate methods; the earthquake loss estimate with characterized building damage base, now replaced by earthquake indirect loss estimate and evaluating social impacts of earthquake. This paper took an example for HangZhou to prove that using macroeconomic indicator-GDP and the density of population to estimate earthquake economic loss was the same with small extent; used this method to evaluate the loss when HangZhou was exposed to destructive earthquakes in the next fifty years; according to HangZhou aggregate development planning, predicted the population distribution of HangZhou and assessed potential seismic casualties in the future.
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