Water Resources Change And Contemporary Turpan Rural Water Conservancy

To study the changes of water resources and its utilization method is an essiential way to understand contemporary rural social development in arid area, and is also a basic to understand "the modernization of rural society and its characteristics", which is a significant academic issue. In this article, the author selects "Turpan Rural Water Conservancy Society in contemporary time" as a subject to research from "micro history" perspective. The research method of Oral History is used for collecting and understanding the Grassroots’ oral literature. The author’s target is to reveal the water resource changes and the transformation of this frontier village in Hongqi Farm Team One and Putao Farm Team Three, and to discuss the characteristics of the frontier village in arid area during different periods, and explain regional special performance of the Han immigrants in Turpan society in the process of modernization.In this study, through the interpretation and analysis of oral literature, archives as well as local literature, not only does the author figure out the process of Turpan’s water resources development and utilization since the Fifty’s, but also sorts out the clue of water conservancy society development in Hongqi Farm Team One and Putao Farm Team Three. Meantime, the author explores the relationship between the changes of water resources and the rural social development. TO explore this topic, this paper is divided into five parts.Firstly, to discourse the research significance, the research scope of time and space and the choice of research methods. What’s more, the author reviews the research achievements about the Contemporary Rural Water Conservancy Society at home and abroad. Through the analysis, the author points that, during the research of the rural water conservancy society’s modernization, the state power will play a leadership role in the construction of the frontier village in arid area.Secondly, mainly discussing the effects of the state power and other factors, such as the arid desert climate,the differences of ethnic and culture and the traditional Karez irrigation technology in the process of Han immigrants villages’establishment during the development and utilization of Turpan Karez water period (1950s-1960s).Thirdly, to focus on discuss the control strength of the state power during the period of the People Canal’s water exploitation in the context of economic system’s transformation (1960s-1980s). In the process, the modern market economy has a severe impact on Turpan traditional rural society.Fourthly, to discuss the frequent water conservancy disputes during the period of electromechanical well water’s development and utilization (1980s-).The author insists that the reasons should be multivariate. For example, ecological vulnerability of extreme drought, topography of basin, the contradiction between modern electromechanical well and the traditional Karez, as well as the production of pure cash crop under the support of local government and farmersFifthly, concluding the process of Han immigrant village’s development and evolution comprehensively in Turpan. The exposition is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the era characteristics and regional characteristics during the period of three kinds of water resource utilization. The second part not only affirm that the state power does have strong ability to build the frontier rural society,but also highlights function of other factors which include the ecological environment in the arid areas, local traditional technology, the concept of farmers, the methods of market economy regulation, modern technology and so on. The author insists that these factors do play an objective role in the process of the frontier rural society’s modernization.At last, the author finds that the state power does play a role as the core of leadership in contemporary rural social during modernization process. However, it is not the only one factor to influence the social development and changes. In addition, the effects of local traditional factors in the frontier society should not be underestimated. Therefore, the interactive relationship between local tradition and the state power is the regional characteristics during the modernization process of Turpan.