On Pre-Modern Catholic Monasteries In Shanxi Province

The monastery is a place for catholics'monarchism and they study and live in that. Monastery is a special building type. There are monastery architectures in some places along with the Catholicism came into China, it became a new building type in the modern Chinese architectural history. It is documented that the first monastery of Shanxi was built in Jiuji village of Qi country in 1802. Jiuji village has been the Bishop mansions of ShanShan parish. Because the Bishop mansion was often removed with the Bishops taken refuge during the forbidding Christianity time, so soon after the monastery had founded, it was removed to the Xinli village in Wenshui country with the Bishop mansion. Later, the monastery moved to the Dongergou village in Taiyuan, and came there to stay. After the ShanShan parish ended in 1844, the Catholic Church establish the capital of Shanxi province--Taiyuanfu as the main district for spreading prosperously in Shanxi. And it radially evangelized people of Shanxi province. So there were many monasteries in Taiyuan region, but in other regions was very few.This paper put the existing monastery buildings of Shanxi as the main research object. First I summarized the historical context of the development of monastery in Shanxi. On that basis, I analysed the monastery buildings from the aspects of site selection, function layout, architectural style, architectural structure, architectural details and so on. This text researched the monastery buildings in Jinan of Shandong province, based on the history of the development of monastery in Shanxi province. According to it, in hoped that I can find the correlations of monastery buildings between Taiyuan and Jinan. Final I compare the modern monastery buildings in Shanxi to some other regions in China from aspects of architectural style, layout plan, characteristics of the appearance and structure and so on. On that basis, I put forward the basic characteristics of the monastery buildings in modern Shanxi, discussed and analysed this conclusion.According to the research of the modern catholic monastery buildings in Shanxi, in my opinion that the modern catholic monastery buildings in Shanxi had formed its own special architectural feature by take example, digest and absorb from the characteristics of traditional monastery buildings in west. Their establishment and sites selection is closely bound up with catholic apostolate in Shanxi. Functional layout accorded the basic mode of monastery buildings in west, and on that basis it flexibly use many combinations of courtyard to organize buildings depend on the environment. The basic forms of quadrangle and brick tiles of hard mountain roof determine that they are the local traditional basic style. The quadrangle's enclosed space meets the needs of monachism. It forms the style of blending Chinese and Western by combined the local traditional basic style with facade processing of western building. On architectural technology, it use the load-bearing structure was built of brick of brick-wooden structure. Trussed construction and theory was brought in Roof truss structure. So to speak, the modern catholic monastery in Shanxi is a new architectural type of modern architecture in Shanxi. It takes the traditional architecture functions of monastery in west. Church, library, study room, the dorms of seminarian and so on, were involved into traditional architectural form, and formed the architectural style of blending Chinese and Western. It became local adaptation monastery buildings with local traditional architectural features.