| We mainly study the preparation and nano-functionalization of the macroporous materials in this paper. The large macroporous three-dimensional (3D) SiO2 material has been prepared by using a 3D backbone polymer as a template , which used the method of copying the template surface. Meanwhile we also have solved preparation of the macroporous materials in some of the problems, such as its size, pore size and cost. The SiO2 material has two prominet characteristics:structure of guide effect and strong capillarity action, we carried out the preparation of functional nanomaterials by using SiO2 material as the template, we have prepared ATO/SiO2 and PAn/SiO2 composites , which have the larger size,bigger macroporous and better electrical conductivity. Details of the research as follows:The newly large sized macroporous SiO2 material was prepared by using a 3D backbone polymer as the template, through sol-gel process of the tetraethyl orthosilicate combined with the method of subsequent calcination at a high temperature. This SiO2 materials formed by the nanometer-thin layers in the way of 3D, the thickness of layer was about 20-30 nm, In the internal of SiO2 materials the sepcial environment has two characteristics: microgravity and dustless space. We further optimized the surface replication method to achieve the goal of SiO2 materials production,which have studyed by the relationship between the polymer template and SiO2 materials.Macroporous ATO/SiO2 conductive materials were prepared in large size by immersing macroporous SiO2 supports into a mixed solution of SnCl2/SbCl3 in ethylene glycol, a subsequent two-step in-situ hydrolysis and the final calcination at high temperature. The results showed that ATO formed nano-particles in an even size of 10 nm and packed closely on the SiO2 thin layer. The ATO/SiO2 materials of conductivity is generally in proportion to its content of ATO in the composite material, after three times of loading the volume resistance was measured to be 18Ω·cm and the specific surface area was 77 m2/g. The different conditons fromed different oxygen evolution potential ,the macroporous ATO/SiO2 anode showed an oxygen evolution potential in acidic and neutral conditons of 2.5V and 2.2V respectively. The newly conductive composites were obtained by using SiO2 material as the template. The large size and big macroporous PAn/SiO2 conductive composites could be prepared, through solution of polymerization and solvent of volatilization using the series of steps. The results showed that the PAn in the form of uniform thin films deposited on SiO2 layer, which was formed PAn/SiO2/PAn three-layer sandwich structure. After polymerizing twice ,the content PAn of composite has obtained 76.3%, this compsite showed a better electrical conductivity, the PAn(76.3%)/SiO2 composite have the volume resistance at17Ω·cm and the specific surface area at 94 m2·g-1. Cyclic linear of the anode showed that the electrical signal increased as the electrode immersed in H2SO4 for longer time, which indicated that a effective surface area provided a higher rate of electrochemical reaction on the macroporous electrode.
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